Sickle Cell Anemia Flashcards
(34 cards)
How does it effect the body?
The Hg S travel and stick to capillaries which occlusion of capillaries resulting in tissue ischemia
What is sickle cell anemia?
Chronic hereditary disease when normal cells get replace by abnormal Hg S cell
What is the major life threat resulting in sickle cell?
The oclusion can occur in the brain which causes stroke
Occlusion in the spleen which readily in ischemia and might need a splenectomy which can compromise the immune system
How does jaundice develop in sickle cell?
The liver is overwork because of increase RBC demand. The liver can’t get rid of the wast which causes jaundice
What is the manifestation of anemia?
The lack of o2 resulting in low RBC caused pallor skin, fatigue
How does the patient have pain when they have sickle cell?
The occlusion in capillaries lead to ischemia of cells so before it happen, triggers vasospasm which shunt the blood ( vasoconclusive)
How do we treat patient with sickle cell anemia?
For acute pain- give pain meds
Low o2 - give oxygen supplement as ordered
Anemia- blood transfusion temporarily solves it but can cause iron overload bc it has no way to excret it
What is the nursing diagnosis of sickle cell?
Impaired tissue perfusion
Acute/ chronic pain
What is the normal RBC count ?
4.5-5.8 million per micro liter (mL) of blood
How long does RBC last?
120 days
What is erythrocytes? How is it made? Why is it needed?
It a thin membrane that allows carbon and oxygen to diffuse. It made in the bone marrow and need iron to make RBC. It needed to deliver oxygen to tissue and can be hypoxic if body anemic
What synthetic hormone is needed to stimulate RBC production?
Epigen is synthetic erythropoiesis ( hormone produce by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, tell body make more RBC)
It causes bone pain bc increase in RBC production
What else is effect when there is decrease in erythrocytes volume?
Decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit
How do I test for anemia? Which test do I not totally trust?
Hg value more accurate then hematocrit because it can be misleading. Hematocrit measure ratio of RBC % to platelet. If pt is dehydrated, can bring the value down, if over hydrated, can bring it up
What is the normal Hg value ?
Adult Male: 13.8-18 g/dL
Adult female: 12-15 g/dL
Where is the bone made off? How is it made off?
Made in bone marrow by mekaryocytic
What the normal platelet count?
150,000 to 450,000 mm3
What the def of thrombocytopenia?
Low platelet count of fewer than 150,000/mm3
How much is one pint of blood? How much does the body normally hold? What do do when you have low Hg?
1 pint= 250-300 cc
Body have about 4 pint of blood
Low Hg, transfuse blood, 1 pint of blood can change Hg by 1.0 value
STOP the source of the bleed
What the role of platelet with clotting and how does fibrinogen
Play a role with it as well? What activate platelet?
Platelet clump together to make a clot, fibrin binds the platelet together. Collagen which is a type of fat, activate platelet
What causes thrombocytopenia? How did that causes occur? Who is prone to it?
It can be cause by a decrease in platelet production. Which occur when there is a bone marrow disease ( leukemia), megakaryocytic suppression ( aplastic anemia-decrease in all blood type, elder more prone to it)
What causes thrombocytopenia? How did that causes occur?
Cause by decrease in platelet production. Can occur when pt doing radiation therapy at bone marrow site, pt is alcoholic ( thin blood), uses illicit drug ( like aspirin- thin blood)’ or deficiency in vitamin b12 and folic acid deficiency
What causes thrombocytopenia? How did that causes occur?
Can cause by platelet getting destroy too fast, can occur when foreign antibody is detected, pregnancy, transplant( especially bone marrow), transfusion sepsis, use of synthetic machine like hrt valve or bypass machine, DIC, or drug induced like heparin
What can cause dilutional thrombocytopenia (When there is too much RBC then platelet) ?
- –Too much transfusion of whole RBC more than 20 units of blood within 24 hrs.
- -Massive administration of colloids or crystalloids
