Side Effects Flashcards by Sabine Jamal

Haloperidol (in the elderly - side effects and alternative drug)

Parkinsonian like symptoms
Long QT

Lorazepam is preferred

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Why should you not be on an NSAID and anticoagulant?

High risk of GI bleed, even if pt is on a PPI

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List some potential complications of IV therapy

Phlebitis - infection of the vein which can lead to infection
Cannula site infection
Infiltration - drug has gone into periphery and not the vein
Extravasation - certain drugs cannot be given IV or peripherally
Overload
Speed shock - systemic reaction when substances introduced rapidly into circulation
Anaphylaxis / allergy
Poor technique
Incorrect administration
Drug incompatibilities
Contamination

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Bisphosphonates - treatment length, reasoning and alternative

5-8 years - any longer will cause brittle bones

Pt should be swapped to Denosumab (as long as there are adequate vitamin D levels)

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Side effects of anti-muscarinic drugs

Retention
Constipation
Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Confusion

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L-DOPA

Orange / dark urine

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What class of anti hypertensive medications should be avoided in MG?

Beta blockers

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What is an electrolyte abnormality caused by PPIs?

Hyponatraemia

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What two drugs are commonly started in hospital that cause hyponatraemia

Furosemide

PPIs

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What is are some contra indication to anti TNF? (Usually withhold the dose)

Infection

Orthopaedic procedures

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Which drugs can cause AKI? (HINT: think CANDA)

Contrast
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
NSAIDS
Diuretics
ACEi

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What are the major side effects of steroids? (HINT: think STEROIDS)

Stomach ulcers
Thin skin
oEdema
Right (and L) heart failure 
Osteoporosis 
Infection 
Diabetes
cushing Syndrome

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What is a potential side effect for any antihypertensive?

Hypotension - esp postural

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List some of the side effects of beta blockers?

Bradycardia
Wheeze (asthmatics)
Worsening acute heart failure

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Which two classes of antihypertensives can cause bradycardia?

Beta blockers

CCB

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Which two classes of antihypertensives can cause electrolyte imbalances?

ACEi

Diuretics

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What is a common side effect of ACEi?

Dry cough

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List two common side effects of CCBs?

Peripheral oedema

Flushing

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Name a serious potential side effect of diuretics?

Renal failure

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List a potential side effect of loop diuretics such as furosemide?

Gout

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List a potential side effect of potassium sparing diuretics such as spironolactone

Gynaecomastia

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Which antibiotic should never be prescribed for patients on metheotrexate? Why?

Trimethoprim - folate antagonist therefore can cause BM toxicity (pancytopenia and neutropenia sepsis)

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Which two classes of antihypertensives should not be prescribed together? Why? Give an example

CCB and B blockers
High risk of bradycardia
Verapamil and bisoprolol

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What is the most serious side effect of clozapine?

Neutropenia (agrnaulocytosis leading to neutropenia sepsis)

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Which drugs can causes neutropenia,

Clozapine | Carbimazole

Which drugs can cause thrombocytopenia?

Heparin | Penicillamine

Which drugs can cause hypovolaemkc hyponatraemia?

Diuretics

Which drugs can cause hypokalaemia?

Loop and thiazide diuretics

Which drugs can cause hyperkalaemia?

K sparing diuretics | ACEi

Which drugs can causes hepatitis

Paracetamol overdose Statins Rifampicin

Which drugs can cause cholestasis?

``` Flucloxacillin Co-amoxiclav Nitrofurantoin Steroids Sulphonylureas ```

If there are high serum levels of gentamicin, what should you do?

Reduce dose fq by 12 hours (ie dose ever 24 hours should become every 36 hours)

What are the common signs of digoxin toxicity?

Confusion Nausea Visual halos Arrhythmia

What are the common signs of lithium toxicity?

``` Tremor Tiredness Arrhythmia Seizures Coma Renal failure DI ```

What are the common signs of phenytoin toxicity?

``` Gum hypertrophy Ataxia Nystagmus Peripheral neuropathy Teratogenicity ```

What are the common signs of gentamicin toxicity?

Ototoxicity (deafness) | Nephrotoxicity (AKI)

What are the common signs of vancomycin toxicity?

Ototoxicity (deafness) | Nephrotoxicity (AKI)

What are the three main steps when treating drug toxicity?

Stop the drug Supportive treatment Give antidote (if available)

Why should you not prescribe hypertensive patients both a CCB and a b-blocker?

Risk of bradycardia

Why should you not prescribe hypertensive patients both a b-blocker and a thiazide-like diuretic?

Risk of DM

List some of the major side effects of b-blcokers

``` Bronchospasm Bradycardia Hypotension Peripheral vasconstriction Nightmares ```

List some of the major side effects of a-blockers

``` Postural hypotension Dizziness Headache Urinary incontinence Blurred vision ```

List some of the major side effects of dihydropiridine CCBs

``` Flushing Headache Ankle oedema Dizziness Hypotension Gingival hypertrophy ```

List some fo the major side effects of non-dihydropiridine CCBs

``` Flushing Headache Ankle oedema AV block HF Constipation Gynaecomastia ```

List a common side effect of anti-arrhythmic drugs

Negative inotropic effect - i.e. decrease force of contraction

Name a serious side effect of Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs (K channel blockers such as amiodarone)

Can cause worsening of arrhythmias or new onset, esp torsade de pointes

Why should you not give nitrates with sildenafil (and similar drugs)?

High risk of hypotension

What are some of the side effects of nitrates

``` Postural hypotension Hypotension Headache Syncope Dizziness Flushing Reflex tachycardia ```

List some of the side effects of digoxin

Toxicity Nausea Gynaecomastia Reverse tick ECG

List some of the side effects of aspirin

Gastritis Gastric ulceration Bleeding Bronchospasm

List some of the side effects of clopidogrel

Bleeding GI upset Dyspepsia

List some of the side effects of statins

Myositis Derranged LFTs GI upset

List some of the side effects of short-acting b-agonists

Tachycardia | Tremor

List some of the side effects of short-acting muscarinic antagonists

Dry mouth (i.e. antimuscarinic effects)

List some of the side effects of theophylline

Nausea Arrhythmias Seizures Hypokalaemia

List some of the side effects of antihistamines (Eg: certirizine, chlorphenamine)

Hypotension Long QT Drowsiness

List some of the side effects of lamotrigine

Rash --> SJS

List some of the side effects of carbamazepine

``` Rash Dysarthria Ataxia Nystagmus Low Na ```

List some of the side effects of phenytoin

Ataxia Peripheral neuropathy Gum hyperplasia Hepatotoxicity

List some of the side effects of sodium valproate

Tremor Teratogenic Weight gain

Which T2DM drug is associated with lactic acidosis?

Metformin

What are the two classical side effects of vancomycin?

Nephrotoxicity | Ototoxicity

List some of the side effects of steroids (HINT: think STEROIDS)

``` Stomach ulcers Thin skin Edema Right (and left) heart failure Osteoporosis Infection Diabetes Syndrome - cushing's ```

List some of the side effects of NSAIDs (HINT: think NSAID)

``` No urine (renal failure) Systolic (low) dysfunction (heart failure) Asthma Indigestion Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality) ```

List the anti-cholinergic side effects

``` Dilated pupils Dry mouth Dry skin / lack of sweatting Blurred vision Urinary retention Constipation ```

List the anti-histaminergic side effects

Sedation | Postural hypotension

List the anti-alpha adrenergic side effects

Postural hypotension | Sexual dysfunction

List the anti-dopaminergic side effects

Extrapyramidal SEs

List the side effects of TB drugs

``` Rifampicin = orange secretions + hepatitis Isoniazid = neuropathy + hepatitis Pyrazinamide = hepatitis Ethambutol = optic neuritis ```

List the side effects of L-DOPA (HINT: think DOPAMINE)

``` Dyskinesia On/off phenomenon (motor fluctuations) Psychosis (schizophrenia-like symptoms, i.e. hallucinations) ABP - hypotension Mouth dryness Insomnia Nausea and vomiting (most common) Excessive daytime sleepiness ```

Side Effects Flashcards

(70 cards)