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Pharmacology > Side Effects > Flashcards

Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

penicillins

A 
HYPERSENSITIVITY RX (anaphylaxis in 0.05%)
-neurotoxicisty, hematologic side effects

PCN + CEPH ASSOC W/ NEPHTOTOXICITY (INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS)

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2
Q

ampicillin + amox

A

MACULOPAPULAR RASH IN PT W/ INFECTIONS MONO

>90% diarrhea

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3
Q

cephalosporins

A

10% CROSS-REACTIVITY TO PT ALLERGIC TO PCN

DISULFIRAM RX (2ND/3RD)

diarrhea, less common: inc LFTs, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

aztreonam

A

beta lactam that has no cross-reactivity w/ PCN or cephalosporins

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5
Q

vancomycin

A

RED MAN SYNDROME (histamine release occurs when infused too quickly)

  • avoid w/ slow infusion over 1-2 hours
  • ototoxic (reversible), nephrotoxic
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6
Q

macrolides

A

GI UPSET (less w/ newer ones)

CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITOR

PROLONGED QT INTERVAL

CAUTION IF PT ON NIACIN OR STATINS (inc risk muscle toxicity)

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7
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

TENDON RUPTURE, growth plate arrest, damage to articular cartilage

  • don’t give if <18yo or pregnant
  • MAY EXACERBATE MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
  • QT PROLONGATION
  • photosensitivity
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8
Q

clindamycin

A

MAY CAUSE C.DIFF

-not good CSF penetration

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9
Q

tetracyclines

A 
DEPOSIT IN TEETH / DISCOLORATION
hepatotoxic
DON'T GIVE TO CHILDREN <8 OR PREGNANCY
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
don't give simultaneously w/ dairy, Ca, Al, Mg or Fe
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10
Q

sulfonamides (ie bactrim)

A

rash in 3-5%

don’t give after 2nd tri –> may devo KERNICTERUS

SULFA ALLERGY
HEMOLYSIS IF G6PD DEFICIENCY

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11
Q

metronidazole

A 
AVOID ETOH DURING AND 48H AFTER --> DISULFIRAM-LIKE REACTION
NEUROTOXICITY
metallic taste
possible carcinogenic potential
pancreatitis
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12
Q

augmentin

A

pcn w/ highest occurrence of DIARRHEA

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13
Q

photosensitivity

A 
tetracyclines
fluoroquinolones
sulfonamides
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
pyrazinamide
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14
Q

orange tears / secretions

A

rifampin

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15
Q

QT prolongation

A 
antiemetics (think zofran)
typical and atypical antipsychotics
TCAs
benzisoxazoles (antipsychotic)
quinolones (levo, moxi)
macrolides (erythro, clarithro)
antimalarials
antifungals
methadone
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16
Q

ethanol and benzodiazepines

A

bx/mood effects:

  • disinhibition
  • DEPRESSION
  • labile mood - erratic bx, aggression

physio effects:

  • prolonged rx time, muscular incoordination, facial flush
  • WERNICKE’S ENCEPHALOPATHY (ataxia, confusion, oculomotor palsy - b1/thiamine deficiency)
  • KORSAKOFF SYNDROME amnesia
  • hepatomegaly, palmar erythema, cirrhosis, dupuytrens contractures, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy
  • increased MCV
withdrawal onset/sx:
6-24h
-INCREASED CNS ACTIVITY: tremor, insomnia, n/v, anxiety, tachycardia, htn, inc RR
6-48h
-seizures, hyperreflexia
2-5 days
-DELIRIUM TREMENS: ALTERED SENSORIUM
hallucinations, "something crawling on them", ams, seizures --> often happens when hospitalized for another reason
17
Q

stimulants: cocaine and amphetamines

A

bx/mood effects:

  • elevated/euphoric mood, restlessness, pressured speech
  • PSYCHOSIS: anxiety, paranoia, AGGRESSION, AGITATION, hallucinations

physio effects:

  • neuro: inc motor activity, ha, tremor, flushing, hyperthermia, cold sweats, n/v, seizures
  • SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION: sweat, tachy, HTN, PUPIL DILATION, peripheral vasoconstriction, myocardial infarction
  • picking at skin, rhabdomyolysis

withdrawal onset/sx:
-varied: craving w/ resultant dysphoria, agitation, anxiety, sweating, HYPERSOMNIA, INCREASED APPETITE, nightmares, SUICIDE IDEATION, ha, irritable, fatigue, cramps

18
Q

opioids and narcotics

A

bx/mood effects:
-EUPHORIA AND SEDATION, drowsy, impaired social fx, impaired memory, slowed speech

physio effects:

  • PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION
  • RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, BRADYCARDIA, HYPOTN, coma, n/v, hypothermia
  • chronic: pruritus and constipation

withdrawal onset/sx:
6-24h
-psychomotor agitation, anxiety, irritable, twitch, ywaning, dysphoria, insomnia, sweating
-hyperthermia, htn, tachy
-flu-like sx: RHINORRHEA, myalgias, chills, PILOERECTIONS
-n/v/d
-PUPILLARY DILATION, TEARING

19
Q

nicotine

A

bx/mood effects:
-n/v/d, abd pain, ha

physio effects:
-tremor, tachycardia, salivation

withdrawal onset/sx:

  • usually begin w/in 24h:
  • anxiety, restlessness, bradycardia, increased appetite and craving
20
Q

cannabis

A

bx/mood effects:
-euphoria, giddiness, psychosis in some cases

physio effects:
-dry mouth, conjunctival erythema, tachycardia, hypotn

withdrawal onset/sx:
-irritable, insomnia, restlessness, diaphoresis, diarrhea, twitches

21
Q

PCP

A

bx/mood effects:
-impulsiveness, homicidality, psychosis, delirium, seizures, NYSTAGMUS

withdrawal onset/sx:
-depression, irritable, anxiety, sleep problems

22
Q

LSD

A

-visual hallucinations and synesthesias (seeing sound as color), delusions, pupillary dilation

23
Q

levodopa/carbidopa

A

n/v, hypoTN, somnolence, dyskinesia, “wearing off bradykinesia” w/ long term use

24
Q

phenytoin / dilantin

A

Ind: tonic-clonic seizures, prophylaxis, status epilepticus

SE: rash (erythema multiforme / SJS), GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, HIRSUTISM, teratogenic, arrhythmias

25
Q

ototoxic

A

abx: AMINOGLYCOSIDES (PERMANENT), vanc, macrolides

loop diuretics: furosemide, ETHACRYNIC ACID

chemo: PLATINUM AGENTS (permanent), Cytarabine
temporary: NSAIDs, ASA, QUININE

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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