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(EST)-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES > SIGNAL AND NOISE > Flashcards

SIGNAL AND NOISE Flashcards

1
Q

any unwated form of evnergy that inteferes with transmitted signals

A

NOISE

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2
Q

deviation of received signal from its expected form cause by the imperfect response of a system

A

DISTORTION

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3
Q

contamination caused by interaction with other signals from other sources.

A

INTERFERENCE

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4
Q

two types of interference

A

constructive and destructive interference

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5
Q

a noise that is only present when the signal is also present

A

CORRELATED NOISE

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6
Q

2 main catergories of noIse

A

CORRELATED NOISE

UNCORRELATED NOISE

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7
Q

UNWANTED MULTIPLES OF A SINGLE FREQUENCY CREATED WHEN AMPLIFIED IN A NON LINEAR DEVICE

A

HARMONIC DISTORTION

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8
Q

UNWANTED CROSS-PRODUCT FREQUENCY CREATED WHEN SIGNALS ARE MIXED IN A NON LINEAR DEVICE

A

INTERMODULATION DEVICE

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9
Q

TYPE OF NOISE WHERE IT IS PRESENT REGARDLESS OF SIGNAL

A

UNCORRELATED NOISE

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10
Q

2 TYPES OF UNCORRELATED NOISE

A

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL NOISE

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11
Q

2 KINDS OF EXTERNAL NOISE

A

EXTRATERRESTRIAL NOISE

TERRESTRIAL NOISE

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12
Q

2 EXAMPLES OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL NOISE

A 
SOLAR NOISE (SOLAR FLARES/ SUN SPOT CYCLE/ RADIATION)
& 
COSMIC NOISE ( NOISE FROM OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES)
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13
Q

2 EXAMPLES OF TERRESTRIAL NOISE

A

ATMOSPHERIC NOISE (LIGHTNING DISCHARGES AND OTHER ELECTRIC DISTURBANCES. LESS SEVERE ABOVE 30MHZ

INDUSTRIAL NOISE (A.K.A MAN MADE NOISE)

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14
Q

TYPES OF INTERNAL NOISE

A

THERMAL NOISE (RAPID AND RANDOM MOVEMENTS OF ELECTRONS)

SEMICONDUCTOR NOISE

MISCELLANEOUS NOISE

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15
Q

FOUR OTHER TERMS FORM THERMAL NOISE

A

WHITE NOSE
BROWNIAN NOISE
JOHNSON NOISE
GAUSSIAN NOISE

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN CONTRIBUTOR TO INTERNAL NOISE

A

RESISTORS

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17
Q

formulas for NOISE POWER & VOLTAGE NOISE FOR RESISTORS

A

Pn=kTB , Vn=√4kTRB

botzmann constant= k = 1.38x10^-23 (m^2 Kg s^-2 K^-1)
ambient temp= T = 290K
Bandwidth = B = (hertz) hz
Resistance= R = (ohms)

18
Q

2 ELECTRONIC DEVICES/PARTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THERMAL NOISE

A

RESISTORS &

RC NETWORKS

19
Q

RC NETORKS NOISE FORMULAE

-capacitor and inductor doesn’t generate noise, they only shape noise as they are frequency dependent devices

A

VOLTAGE NOISE= Vn = √(kT/C)

BANDWIDTH= B = 1/(4RC)

Capacitance= C

20
Q

3 TYPES OF SEMICONDUCTOR NOISES (internal)

A

SHOT NOISE

BURST NOISE

avalance noise

21
Q

KIND OF NOISE THAT IS DEPENDENT ON THE CURRENT FLOW INSTEAD OF THE TEMPERATURE
(also give the formula )

A

SHOT NOISE= i(n)= √[2Bi(dc)q]
B= hz
i(dc)= direct current (A)
q= charge of an electron 1.609x10^-19 Coulombs (C)

22
Q

IS A LOW FREQUENCY NOISE WHICH APPEARS AS A SERIES OF BURST OF TWO OR MORE LEVELS. (CAN BE OBSERVED IN BJT’S)

A

BURST NOISE

23
Q

this noise is created when avalance breakdown occurs, it can be used for noise generators

A

avalance noise

24
Q

kinds of miscellaneous noises

A

transit time noise

flicker noise

25
this noise is similar to shot noise but occurs when the transit time for electrons is comaparable to the signal's period.
transit time noise
26
this noise if proportional to emiter current and junction temperature, inversely proportional to frequency (negligible above 500Hz)
flickers noisez
27
flicker noise is also called as?
1/f noise pink noise since it it inversely proportional to the frequency.
28
measure of signal's power content vs ffrequency
POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY
29
POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY (Sp) | pormyula
Sp = kT Sp (unit= w/hz , v^2/hz, A^2/hz) (boltmann contant =k) = 1.38x10^-23 m^2 Kg s^-2 K^-1 (T= ambient temp)= 290K
30
noise voltage across a resistor.
Pn = kTB Vn^2/R = kTB (Vn/2)^2 / R = kTB
31
total noise voltage (series)
``` Vn = √(4kTRB) ---- Vn(total) = √(4kT(R1+R2 )B)---- ```
32
total noise current (parallel)
``` G=1/R = conductance In(total) = √(4kT(G1+G2 )B) ```
33
(equivalent noise ratio) | of cascading devices
Req =(equialent noise ratio)= R1 + R2/G1 + R3/G1G2 + ....
34
RELATIVE MEASURE OF THE DESIRED SIGNAL POWER TO THE UNDESIRED POWER
(SNR) SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO SNR = Ps / Pn = Vs^2/ Vn^2 SNR(db) = 20 log Vs/Vn = 10log Ps/Pn * * higher SNR the better * * usually by decibels
35
MINIMUM SNR NOISE FOR: (in db) TELEPHONE SERVICE: TRANSMISSION (VIDEO)= TRANSMISSION (DATA)=
TELEPHONE SERVICE: 30db TRANSMISSION (VIDEO)= 45db TRANSMISSION (DATA)= 15db
36
specufues how noisy a device is....
``` NOISE FACTOR (NF) NF= SNR(in)/ SNR(out) = ```
37
ideal NOISE FACTOR = ?
NF= SNRi/ SNRo = (Si/Ni)/(GSi/GNi) =1 | 1
38
a device with noise
NF= SNRi/ SNRo = (Si/Ni)/(GSi/GNi + Na) then resulting NF is > 1 (not ideal)
39
NOISE FACTOR, how to express in db?
NF(db) = 10log [(Si/Ni / So/No]
40
total noise factor of cascading amplifiers
NFeq = NF1 + (NF2 -1)/G1 + (NF3-1)/G1G2

(EST)-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (2 decks)

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