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Jared Nationals > Signal Transmission > Flashcards

Signal Transmission Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

uses the available RF bandwidth much more efficiently than analog modulation

A

Digital modulation

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2
Q

the smallest unit of digital information. can take the value one or zero

A

bit

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3
Q

a group of bits (usually 8) sometimes referred to as a digital word

A

byte

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4
Q

4 bits

A

nibble

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5
Q

8 bits

A

Octet or Byte

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6
Q

a term related to digital communications speed

A

Baud

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7
Q

HSD

A

High Speed Data

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8
Q

bps

A

bits per second

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9
Q

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

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10
Q

Data is typically divided into chunks known as

A

blocks, frames, or packets.

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11
Q

QoS

A

quality of Service

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12
Q

specifies certain minimum performance levels for the customer

A

Quality of Service or QoS

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13
Q

OSI

A

Open Systems Interconnection

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14
Q

OSI Layer 1

A

Physical

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15
Q

OSI Layer 2

A

Data link

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16
Q

OSI Layer 3

A

Network

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17
Q

OSI Layer 4

A

Transport

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18
Q

OSI Layer 5

A

Session

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19
Q

OSI Layer 6

A

Presentation

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20
Q

OSI Layer 7

A

Application

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21
Q

OSI Layer that regenerates the physical signal and contains connectorization or the transport medium

A

Layer 1 / Physical Layer

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22
Q

OSI Layer responsible for Switches use media access control or hardware addresses, such as Ethernet for routing and filtering. Layer 2 contains two sublayers: MAC and LLC

A

Layer 2 / Data Link Layer

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23
Q

OSI Layer responsible for routing and path determination, IP, ICMP, OSPF, RIP & BGP

A

Layer 3 / Network Layer

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24
Q

OSI Layer responsible for the end-to-end flow control using TCP or UDP

A

Layer 4 / Transport Layer

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25
OSI Layer responsible for the dialog control for setup, maintenance, and termination of the communication circuit
Layer 5 / Session Layer
26
OSI Layer responsible for the encryption/decryption, compression such as MPEG, MIDI, QuickTime, PICT, TIFF, JPEG, ASCII & EBCDIC
Layer 6 / Presentation Layer
27
OSI Layer responsible for the file, print, message, application, and database services
Layer 7 / Application Layer
28
IP
Internet Protocol
29
a defined set of rules for moving digital data through a network.
Internet protocol or IP
30
This information at the beginning of a frame in OSI Layer 2 is called
header
31
This information at the end of a frame in OSI Layer 2 is called
trailer
32
MPEG
Moving Picture Experts Group
33
working group that was formed to establish standards for audio and video compression and transmission
Motion Picture Experts Group or MPEG
34
method of reducing the number of bits required to transmit a given piece of information
compression
35
HEVC
High-Efficiency Video Codec
36
SPTS
single program transport stream
37
ES
elementary streams
38
PES
Packetized elementary stream
39
PCR
Program clock reference
40
PMT
program map table
41
MPTS
Multi-program transport stream
42
MTU
Maximum transmission unit
43
What is the next-generation compression system that allows operators to compress UHD signals to be sent to their customers?
HEVC
44
Digital data modulated onto a digital carrier is known as
digital modulation
45
type of modulation typically used for digital data.
QAM
46
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
47
four steps in converting an analog signal to a digital signal.
Sampling, Quantitizing, Encoding, Decoding
48
first step in the A/D conversion process; means periodically measuring the amplitude of an analog signal.
Sampling
49
second step in the A/D conversion process; thought of as “rounding” the sample to the closest discrete digital value.
Quantitizing
50
Third step in the A/D conversion process; assigns each of the quantizing intervals a binary number.
Encoding
51
Fourth step in the A/D conversion process; The binary signals that represent each samples are converted back into a sequence of pulses,
Decoding
52
produced proof that showed that the full information content of any continuous signal can be recovered if the signal is measured and coded at a rate that is twice the frequency of the highest sinusoidal component of that signal.
Harry Nyquist
53
the inverse of the Nyquist frequency is this
The Sampling interval
54
The two most common types of multiplexing are
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
55
the multiplexing technique used in the downstream path to deliver video signals, high-speed data, and voice.
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
56
number of sources are multiplexed over a communication medium by assigning each a different time slot.
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
57
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
58
TDMA
Time-Division Multiple Access
59
a form of TDM in which multiple users have access to a single communication medium.
Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
60
ATDMA
Advanced Time-Division Multiple Access (Advanced TDMA)
61
includes the use of higher-order modulation to improve throughput and enhanced coding to improve immunity to interference
Advanced Time-Division Multiple Access (Advanced TDMA)
62
S-CDMA
Synchronous code division multiple access
63
128 different orthogonal or non-interfering codes are used to encode the data such that up to 128 different data signals to be sent simultaneously.
Synchronous code division multiple access (S-CDMA)
64
this type of multiplexing allows multiple cable modem to transmit data to the CMTS over a single connection
TDMA
65
In this, users messages are sent within the same RF channel that the STB is tuned to in order to receive the desired program
In-band signaling
66
uses a dedicated RF carrier for set-top data and requires a separate tuner to receive messages.
Out-of-band signaling
67
The process of re-assigning channel numbers to the individual de-multiplexed television signals is known as
channel mapping
68
When channel mapping data is transmitted to set-top boxes within the same RF channel that the STB is tuned to that is known as what kind of singling
In- Band

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