Signs & Symptoms of Clinical Medicine Flashcards
This is an X-linked disorder of coagulation that often results in muscle and joint bleeds. Symptoms may be mild, moderate, or severe.
Hemophilia
What is hyper-viscosity syndrome?
Abnormal thickening of the blood that impairs flow. Classic symptoms include visual disturbances, heart failure, and altered mental status
What is leukocytosis?
An abnormal increase in the number of WBCs
What are the primary mechanisms of anemia?
Blood loss, increased destruction of RBCs, impaired production of RBCs
Superior vena cava obstruction is a hematologic emergency often associated with Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. What symptoms may be present?
Edema of the face and upper extremities, increased jugular venous pressure, visual distention of veins, hoarse voice
A patient presents with sore mouth, glossitis, and frail nails. They are diagnosed with anemia. What is the likely type?
Iron-deficiency anemia
This blood disorder is characterized by a predisposition to thrombosis due to enhanced coagulation mechanisms.
Thrombophilia
What is the difference between relative and absolute anemia?
Relative anemia is a normal number of RBCs, but decreased concentration in the blood due to increased plasma volume.
Absolute anemia is due to a true decreased number of RBCs in the blood.
What are the five types of anemia?
What symptoms are associated with severe anemia?
Angina, chest pain, heart attack, stroke
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia due to the replacement of one amino acid with another. What two amino acids are involved?
Glutamate is switched to valine
Hemophilia A is a deficiency of what clotting factor?
Factor VIII
This cellular disorder may result in easy bruising and bleeding.
Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)
What is MCV range is considered normocytic?
80-100 um3
Both folate and B12 deficiencies result in megaloblastic anemia. How can the two be differentiated?
Folate deficiency has high homocysteine levels, but normal methylmalonic acid.
B12 deficiency has high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels. Neuro symptoms may also be present.
What is Allen’s Test?
Allen’s test is done to check blood transfusion to the hand by the radial and ulnar arteries. This should be completed before drawing an arterial blood sample from either vessel.
