Silicates

Question 1

Most abundant mineral group in the Earth’s crust

Answer 1

Silicates

Question 2

_____% of minerals were silicates and the remaining belongs to the other groups

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

Composed of silicon tetrahedron (SiO4)-4.

Answer 3

Silicates

Question 4

Building blocks of all silictaes

Answer 4

Silicon tetrahedron (SiO4)-4

Question 5

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

1:4

Answer 5

Nesosilicate
(Orthosilicates/island silicates)

Question 6

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

2:7

Answer 6

Sorosilicate
(Disilicate/ Bow-tie Silicate)

Question 7

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

1:3

Answer 7

Cyclosilicate (Ring Silicate)

And

Inosilicate (for single chain)

Question 8

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

4:11

Answer 8

Inosilicate (double chain)

Question 9

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

2:5

Answer 9

Phyllosilicate (sheet Silicate)

Question 10

Type of silicates with Si:O ratio of:

1:2

Answer 10

Tectosilicate (framework Silicate)

Question 11

In Bowen’s reaction series: Structures become _____________

Answer 11

More complicated as temperature decreases

Question 12

More complex structure = ___________ = _________ the magma will be.

Answer 12

More bonds ; more viscous

Question 13

Arrangements of structure type of silicates in a discontinuous reaction series (high temp to low temp)

Answer 13

Isolated SiO4 groups (Nesosilicate)
single chain (Inosilicate)
Double chain (Inosilicate)
Sheet (Phyllosilicate)
Framework (tectosilicate)

Question 14

Arrangements of structure type of silicates in a continuous reaction series (high temp to low temp)

Answer 14

Framework (tectosilicate)

*It is framework from the start of the plagioclase series down to Quartz and Zeolites

Question 15

Dark minerals that contains Magnesium and /or Iron as major constituent.

Answer 15

Mafic Silicate minerals

Question 16

The term Mafic was derived from?

Answer 16

Magnesian (Ma)
Ferrum (fic)

Question 17

Examples of Mafic Silicate minerals

Answer 17

Biotite, Olivine, pyroxene, Amphibole

Question 18

Light color minerals that lacks Mg and Fe as major constituent.

Answer 18

felsic Silicate minerals

Question 19

Example of felsic Silicate minerals

Answer 19

Feldspars (where the term felsic was derived)
Quartz
Muscovite

Question 20

The corner oxygen are not shared with other SiO4 (-4), each tetrahedron are isolated.

Answer 20

Nesosilicate

Question 21

one of the corner oxygens is shared with another tetrahedron. It is often referred to as the double island group because there are two linked tetrahedrons isolated from all other tetrahedrons.

Answer 21

Sorosilicate

Question 22

two of the oxygens are shared and the structure is arranged in a ring

Answer 22

Cyclosilicate

Question 23

two of the oxygens are shared in a way to make long single chains of linked SiO4tetrahedra

Answer 23

Inosilicate (single chain)

Question 24

two chains are linked together so that each tetrahedral group shares 3 of its oxygens, froming double chains

Answer 24

Inosilicate (double chain)

Question 25

3 of the oxygens from each tetrahedral group are shared such that an infinite sheet of SiO4 tetrahedra are shared

Answer 25

Phyllosilicate

Question 26

all of the corner oxygens are shared with another SiO4 tetrahedron, then a framework structure develops

Answer 26

Tectosilicate

Question 27

Olivine

Answer 27

Nesosilicate Orthorhombic

Question 28

Mg Olivine

Answer 28

Forsterite (green Olivine) MgSiO4

Question 29

Fe olivine

Answer 29

Fayalite (brown Olivine) Fe2SiO4

Question 30

Mg, Fe olivine

Answer 30

Chrysolite (Mg, Fe) SiO4

Question 31

Extraterrestrial form of Olivine

Answer 31

Olivinoid

Question 32

Transparent green variety of olivine

Answer 32

Peridot

Question 33

Garnet

Answer 33

Nesosilicate Isometric

Question 34

Pyralspites

Answer 34

Pyrope (Mg3Al2 (SiO4)³) Almandine Fe3 Spessartine Mn3

Question 35

Ugrandites

Answer 35

Uvarovite (Ca3Cr2 (SiO4)3 Grossular Ca3Al2 Andradite Ca3Fe2

Question 36

2 solid solution of Garnet

Answer 36

Pyralspites (red) Ugarandites (green)

Question 37

Zircon

Answer 37

Nesosilicate Tetragonal ZrSiO4

Question 38

Oldest mineral

Answer 38

Zircon (4.4Ga)

Question 39

Type of Zircon that contains trace amount of radioactive elements

Answer 39

Crytolite

Question 40

Colorless, pale gray or pale yellow variety of Zircon

Answer 40

Jargon

Question 41

Andalusite

Answer 41

Nesosilicate Orthorhombic Al2SiO5

Question 42

Used for high temperature ceramics spark plugs

Answer 42

Andalusite

Question 43

Andalusite with cross pattern

Answer 43

Chiastolite

Question 44

Andalusite that is bright to Olive green

Answer 44

Viridine

Question 45

Aluminum Silicate

Answer 45

Andalusite Silimanite Kyanite *Note they are nesosilicate

Question 46

Epidote

Answer 46

Sorosilicate

Question 47

Epidote group

Answer 47

Epidote (monoclinic) Zoisite (Ortho) Clinozoisite (mono) Allanite (mono) Piemonite (mono)

Question 48

Beryl

Answer 48

Cyclosilicate Hexagonal Be3Al2(SiO3)6

Question 49

Blue Beryl

Answer 49

Aquamarine

Question 50

Yellow beryl

Answer 50

Heliodor

Question 51

Red beryl

Answer 51

Bixbite

Question 52

Green beryl

Answer 52

Emerald

Question 53

Clear beryl

Answer 53

Goshenite

Question 54

Pink Beryl

Answer 54

Morganite

Question 55

Cordierite

Answer 55

Cyclosilicate Orthorhombic

Question 56

Tourmaline

Answer 56

Cyclosilicate Hexagonal

Question 57

Black, gray-black tourmaline

Answer 57

Schrol

Question 58

Black/green tourmaline with needles inside

Answer 58

Tourmalinted Quartz

Question 59

Orangish-brown, Yellow, brown, green intense tourmaline

Answer 59

Dravite

Question 60

Form in desert region, secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide mineral deposit

Answer 60

Dioptase

Question 61

Dioptase

Answer 61

Cyclosilicate Hexagonal CuSiO2(OH2)

Question 62

Minor ore of Ba and Ti

Answer 62

Benitoite

Question 63

Benitoite

Answer 63

Cyclosilicate Hexagonal BaTiSi3O9

Question 64

Sugilite

Answer 64

Cyclosilicate Hexagonal *Mn caused it to be purple