Simple and Fractional Distillation Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the two types of distillation used to separate mixtures that contain liquids?
Fractional Distillation and Simple Distillation
These methods are used for different applications in separating liquid mixtures.
What is the purpose of Simple Distillation?
To separate a liquid from a solution
An example is separating pure water from sea water.
List the equipment used for Simple Distillation.
- Flask that contains the solution
- Bung to seal the flask
- Thermometer to measure temperature
- Condenser with continuous flow of cold water
- Beaker to capture pure liquid
- Bunsen burner to heat flask
Each piece of equipment plays a crucial role in the distillation process.
What is the first step in simple distillation?
Heat up the mixture using a Bunsen burner
What happens to the liquid during simple distillation as it heats up?
It evaporates and rises to the top of the flask
What forces the vapour down the condenser in simple distillation?
Pressure
What is the role of cold water in the condenser during simple distillation?
It cools and condenses the vapour into liquid form
Where does the condensed liquid collect after passing through the condenser?
In the beaker
What is the purpose of fractional distillation?
Separating mixtures of liquids
What additional equipment is used in fractional distillation compared to simple distillation?
A fractionating column
What is inside the fractionating column?
Little glass rods
How does the temperature in the fractionating column vary?
It is cooler at the top than at the bottom
What is the purpose of the high surface area provided by the glass rods in the fractionating column?
To facilitate the separation of vapours
What is the first step of fractional distillation?
You put your mixture in a flask and stick a fractionating column on top. Then you heat it.
How do different liquids behave during fractional distillation?
They will evaporate at different temperatures due to their different boiling points.
Which liquid evaporates first in fractional distillation?
The liquid with the lowest boiling point.
What happens when the temperature on the thermometer matches the boiling point of the first liquid?
It will reach the top of the column.
What occurs to liquids with higher boiling points during fractional distillation?
They might start to evaporate but will condense and run back down towards the flask.
What should you do after the first liquid has been collected?
Raise the temperature until the next one reaches the top.
How many times do you repeat the steps of fractional distillation?
For however many liquids you may have.
