Simple Instruments Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
Smoking is prohibited in/within what distance from the a/c?
A
50 feet
2
Q
For Rotary wing IFR flight planning a fuel reserve of how long is required?
A
30 minutes
3
Q
Are you allowed to fly into known or forecast moderate icing conditions?
A
No
4
Q
Are you allowed to intentionally fly into known severe turbulence?
A
no
5
Q
What is helicopter SVFR?
A
1/2 mile vis
Clear of clouds
6
Q
To file IFR, what weather must meet published wx minimums through 1 hour + ETA?
A
Predominant
7
Q
How long does the weather forecast last before being void?
A
1 hour 30 minutes
8
Q
What are the 4 times you may not reduce visibility mins by 50%?
A
Flying faster than 90kts (Cat A)
Copter Approaches
Approach plates states “Visibility reduction by helicopters NA”
No reduction less than 1/4 mile vis
9
Q
An alternate airfield is required when filming IFR if: (3)
A
Weather - predominant wx through ETA + 1 hour is less than (wx plan mins + 400/1)
Radar - Radar is required for the approach
Navaids - Navigational aids are unmonitored
10
Q
Is an alternate required if radar is required for the approach but descent from en routes minimum altitude for IFR ops can be made in VFR?
A
no
11
Q
An alternate airfield can be used when filling IFR if: (WRNGAS)
A
Weather - worst wx through ETA+1 hour is better than wx plan mins + 400/1
Radar - is not req for approach
Navaids - monitored
GPS - no req for approach
ANA - not in FLIP
Surface Area Airspace (if class B,C,D,E SFC exists
12
Q
What are the take-off weather minimums for a pilot without 50 hours Wx time as PC?
A
100 - 1/4
13
Q
When does an Army aviator no longer have take-off mins?
A
at or greater than 50 hours Wx time as PC
14
Q
What is the minimum WX req to initiate an approach?
A
0/0
15
Q
When can an aircraft be flown below published MDA or DHA?
A
Rwy, Appch lights, or landing area in sight & Safe position to land
16
Q
How long can elapse before a pilot must be given a PFE for currency?
A
60 days in similar A/C
17
Q
What clothing and equipment must be worn by crew members when performing crew duties?
A
leather boots
flight: helmet, suit gloves
cotton/wool/nomex underwear
ID tags
18
Q
How often must your flight helmet be inspected?
A
120 days
19
Q
When is it acceptable to not file IFR?
A
VFR training Time limit VFR mission Excessive IFR delay Hazardous Weather conditions IFR Single Pilot
20
Q
If I am 60 NM from a VOR, how wide is the radial?
A
1 mile
21
Q
What does the L stand for in L class VOR?
A
Low altitude (AIM)
22
Q
What does the H stand for in H class VOR?
A
High altitude (AIM)
23
Q
How many degrees off course are you when you have full scale deflection on a VOR approach?
A
at least 10 degrees
24
Q
How many degrees off course are you when you have full scale deflection on an ILS approach?
A
at least 2 and 1/2 degrees
25
What are the classes of NDBs and what distances are associated with them?
```
L=15nm
MH=25nm
H=50nm
HH=75nm
(AIM)
```
26
What does Category A,B,C, etc. mean on an approach?
Its determined by the aircraft speed and usually changes the weather minimums (FAR)
27
What are the speeds associated with the Category's?
```
A: 1-90kts
B: 91-120kts
C: 121-140kts
D: 141-165kts
E: 166kts+
(FAR)
```
28
Are category speeds determined by Airspeed or Groundspeed?
Airspeed (GP and FAR)
29
If circling to land using Cat A approach minimums how large is the obstacle clearance area?
1.3nm (AIM)
30
When do you start a turn on a departure procedure?
400 feet above departure end of the runway (AIM)
31
What is EFAS - Enroute Flight Advisory Service?
```
Who - Flight Watch
What- In-flight assistance
When- 0600 to 2200
Where - 5000'
How - 122.0mhz
(back of airport facility directory, AIM)
```
32
What are the Marker Beacon indications?
OM - blue (Dash, dash, dash, dash)
MM - Amber (dash, dot, dash, dot)
IM - White (dot, dot, dot, dot)
33
What is PMSV?
Pilot to Metro Service - a direct pilot to WX briefer service. It is used to update Wx or give PIREP.
34
What is a Precision Approach?
A standard instrument approach procedure that has a glide slope/glidepath
35
What is an example of a Precision approach?
ILS
| PAR
36
What is the difference between ILS and a PAR?
On an ILS, the instruments provide the pilot with the election and azimuth information, where on a PAR the Final Controller (ATC) provides the information to the pilot.
37
What is a Non-precision approach?
A standard instrument approach procedure in which no electronic glide slope is provided.
38
What is an example of a non-precision approach?
```
VOR
NDB
LOC
ASR
LDA
SDF
```
39
What is a Final Approach Fix (FAF)?
The fix from which the final approach (IFR) to an airport is executed. (the start of the approach)
40
What is the final approach fix for an ILS/PAR approach?
Glideslope/path intercept
41
How do you know when you are at the FAF on a PAR?
ATC will announce, "On glide path, begin descent"
42
What is the FAF for a non-precision approach?
Maltese Cross (x) symbol on government charts
43
What is a Final Approach Point? (FAP)
The point (on a non-precision app) where the procedure turn is complete and the descent may start.
44
What is a Missed Approach Point (MAP)?
A point prescribed in each inst. app. procedure (IAP) at which a missed approach procedure shall be executed if the req visual reference does not exist. (end of the approach)
45
What is the missed approach point for an ILS/PAR app?
On glide path at decision height.
46
How do you know that you are at the missed approach point on a PAR?
ATC will announce, "At decision height"
47
What is the missed app point for a non-precision app?
As published on each IAP. (Usually NAVAID station passage or an elapsed time)
48
On a precision app what is the lowest altitude allowed called?
Decision Height (DH)
49
On a non-precision app what is the lowest altitude allowed called?
Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA)
50
How would you depart an airport that does not have a Departure Procedure published?
As directed by the Alternate Takeoff Minimums or if none are published, climb to 400' HAA before turning.
51
What is the difference between ADF and NDB?
ADF is in the Aircraft (receiver) and the NDB is on the ground (transmitter)
52
At a pilot control lighting airport, how do you get Medium intensity lighting?
5 clicks within 5 seconds
53
How long will the lights stay on after a pilot uses pilot controlled lighting?
15 minutes
54
What is an ILS critical area?
An area (designated by taxiway markings) that surface vehicles or aircraft operating on the ground, could cause disturbances to the ILS localizer and glide slope courses.
55
When is this ILS critical area active?
Control tower active and 800' ceiling, 2 miles visibility
56
VFR heli ops @ airports
Hover taxi - slow forward movement less than 25'AGL
| Air taxi - preferred method (ground ops and conditions permitting), less than 100'AGL
57
What are the basic ground components of an ILS?
Localizer (LOC)
Glideslope course
Two VHF marker beacons (OM/MM)
Approach lights
58
What are the main differences between a contact approach and a visual approach?
Contact approach - at pilots request w/in 1 mile vis and clear of clouds
Visual approach - pilot must have airport or proceeding aircraft in sight and proceed VMC
59
What three things are required to initiate an approach? (COW)
Cleared for the approach
On course
Within the remain within distance
60
How does an area forecast difference from a terminal forecast?
Area WX is reported in MSL and Terminal WX is reported in AGL.
61
How often is VFR Sectional updated?
180 days
62
What do the square 'ticks' indicate on airports (VFR sections)
Services available
63
What does a magenta haze around an airport mean?
NDB
64
What does magenta dotted line around airport mean?
surface based class E airspace (instrument approach and ex reporting)
65
What does dotted blue line around airport mean?
Class D airspace
66
What is the difference between Surface E and Class D airspace?
Surface E has wx reporting only,
| Class D has both wx reporting and a control tower
67
What does solid magenta line around airport mean?
Class C
68
What does slide blue line around airport mean?
Class B
69
What does the star mean above the airpoirt symbol?
Rotating beacon from sunset to sunrise
70
What is the difference between Blue and magenta airports?
Blue airport have a control tower
| Magenta airports do not
71
What does a white dot between runways mean if depicted on airport (VFR sectional)
Location of the VOR, VOR-DME, to TACAN
72
To fly over Class D airspace, what altitude do you have to be at?
above 2,500' MSL
73
What is a TAC?
Terminal Area Chart (blown up section of VFR sectional for busy airports)
74
Where can you find which airports have a TAC available?
Front cover of the VFR Sectional
75
What does a flag in the airport mean?
It is a VFR check point
76
What does a purple fan mean?
MOA
77
What is the purpose of MOA?
To separate IFR traffic from participating military traffic
78
Can you file a flight plan that would take you through and active MOA?
yes, ATC will vector you around if necessary
79
What does a dotted line mean?
time zone indicator
80
What does the star with VPMAI mean?
VPMAI is a visual checkpoint
81
What is the difference between Prohibited and Restricted airspace?
Prohibited - flight of aircraft is prohibited
| Restricted - existence of unusual, often invisible hazards to a/c such as artillery, gunnery or guided missiles
82
How often does IFR ELA have to be updated?
every 56 days or 8 weeks
83
ELA - what is difference between blue, green and brown airports?
blue/green have inst. app.
blue are listed in high alt. flips
Brown do not have inst. apps
84
ELA - What do the tick marks around airports mean?
Civil airport
85
What does it mean if a freq on a VOR is underlined?
no voice capabilties
86
Where do you change from one VOR to the next VOR along your route?
Change VOR's at the Z (VOR changeover point)
87
What does an X on an airway mean?
Change at the X when you don't have a VOR change over point (it's a mileage breakdown, usually bend in the airway)
88
If flying along an airway and there is not a VOR changeover or an X, when do you change over to the next VOR?
halfway
89
Why do some VOR have an (H) in the VOR freq box?
indicates HIWAS (Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Svc)
90
What does the "2000" mean above a V241 airway?
Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) is "2000'"
91
What does MEA do for you?
NAV signal and Obstruction clearance
92
What does * before a # on a V airway mean?
MOCA (min obstruction clearance alt.)
93
What does a MOCA do for you?
Min altitude allowed along an air route that guarantees Obstruction Clearance and Nav signal coverage only w/in 25sm/22nm of the VOR
94
Why are some VORs displayed bigger than others/
Smaller sized are used in congested areas
95
Which cities have Area Charts (TAC for VFR sectional) on ELA?
See legend, cities in black
96
What is the difference between the black airways and the brown airways on ELA?
Black - VHF/UHF (Victor airways)
| Brown - LF/MF (ADF airways)
97
How can I file my flight plan at a class E or G airport?
Call FSS on 1-800-WX-Brief and use the civilian flight plan format in AIM CH5
98
ELA - What are the big tan numbers all over the chart?
Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitudes (OROCA)
99
What does an OROCA do for you?
provides obs. clearance w/ a 1000' buffer in non mountainous areas and 2000' buffer in mountainous areas
100
How does the OROCA (ELA) differ from the big blue numbers (MEFs) all over the VFR sectional?
OROCAs have 1000' (non-mountainous), 2000' (mountainous) buffer;
MEF's have at least 100' clearance in non-mountainous areas and 200' clearance in mountainous areas
101
How do you know if you are in non-mountainous or mountainous area?
See 2011 AIM
102
Why would (ELA) an intersection have a flag with an R in it?
Min Reception Altitude
103
What do the dashes (ELA) mean along the airway?
Airway passes through a restricted airspace
104
Instrument Approach Chart:
| How often are the volumes updated?
8 weeks with 4 week updates
105
What are the 5 sections to an approach plate?
```
Tabular Data
Plan View
Profile View
Landing Minima
Airport Diagram
```
106
What does the racetrack mean around OZ LOM?
Holding pattern in lieu of procedure turn
107
What does the 2000/101/19 mean on the line from OPPTO Intersection?
2000 feet altitude
101 degree heading
19nm (feeder route)
108
If arriving from OPPTO, is it authorized to arrive at the RUCKRl LOM, turn left to 064' heading and proceed with the approach?
no, one turn in holding is required since "No PT" is not present (note, you will pass over the IAF/FAF 2 times before heading to the airport for landing)
109
How do you know when to do a Procedure turn versus when to turnoff course & proceed with the approach?
If ATC clear you direct to IAF then you conduct the published approach
If ATC vectors you onto the final approach course then you conduct a straight in approach.
(note: this is simply stated, other factors need to be considered such as No PT, etc.)
110
What does the curved dotted line leaving from the airport on the NDB 6 approach plate mean?
Missed approach path. Climbing right turn to 2000' and intercept the 162' radial OZR
111
What is the final approach fix for the ILS 6?
Glide slope intercept / Lightning Bolt
112
Why is the 2000 underlined on the ILS 6 approach?
Minimum altitude before initiating the approach
113
What does the "X" (maltese cross) mean in the profile view of the ILS 6 approach?
Final approach fix (FAF) for the non-precision approach
114
What does the 1989 mean in the profile view?
1989' MSL when crossing the LOM on glide path
115
Where is the missed approach point on the ILS 6 approach?
Decision Height on glide path
116
What is the decision height for the ILS 6 approach?
498 ft MSL
117
At decision height on the ILS6, how high is the aircraft AGL?
200 feet above the Touch down zone
118
What is the name for the 200ft AGL number?
Height Above Touchdown (HAT)
119
What is the elevation of the touch down zone?
298 feet MSL (use airport diagram, look for TDZE)
120
What amount of the runway defines the touch down zone?
the first 3000 feet
121
What does the GS 2.70' mean on the ILS6 approach plate?
2.7 degree glide slope angle
122
At 90 knots, what foot per minute descent rate is needed to remain on the ILS6 glide slope?
405 foot per minute (2.7 outside / 60 "triangle" inside @ 90 inside - 405 outside)
123
Is the foot per minute rate figured on IAS, TAS or Ground Speed?
Ground speed
124
What does the TCH 57 on the ILS6 approach plate mean?
the aircraft glide slope will be 57 feet AGL above the runway threshold.
125
What minimum weather is required for filing to DHN?
200 feet ceiling and 1/4 mile visibility (ILS32)
126
If the glide slope is inop for the ILS32 (DHN) does it change the wx planning minimums?
yes, use the LOC 32 minimums (600 1/2 or 600 1/4 for helicopters)
127
What kind of approach lights are installed for the ILS 32 DHN approach?
MALSR
128
Where can you find what the approach lighting looks like (MALSR,etc.)?
FIH picture, B-28
129
If the MALSR lights are inop for the ILS32 DHC does it change the weather planning minimums?
yes, it increases the vis requirement by 1/4 mile
| 200 1/2 = 200 3/4 = 200 3/8; see INOP components table
130
Why is the 1463 bigger text on the Dothan ILS 32 chart?
Depicts the highest obstacle within the plan view
131
If you were holding at HAVSO intersection (DHN ILS32) and ATC gave a vector for the ILS 32 approach fly 180, maintain 2200'. 5 minutes later you are somewhere north-east of the VOR and realize you have lost common, what do you do?
Squawk 7600, climb maintain 2600' (MSA) turn direct to RRS VOR and proceed with the published ILS 32 approach. (Squawk, Climb, Turn, Proceed)
132
What weather is required for filing the Dothan (DHN) LOC32 approach when the local altimeter setting is not available?
700' 1/4 vis (help may reduce vis by 1/2 to 1/4 mile vis)
960+60=1020 (new MDA)
1020 - 401=619 (MDA - airport elev = HAA)
619 rounded to the next hundred is 700
*(top left of IAP in black triangle "T", "A")
133
What weather is req for filing for the DHN Copter VOR 336 straight in approach?
400' ceiling and 1/2 mile vis (no reduction on Copter approach)
134
What weather is req to not need an alternate for the DHN Copter VOR 336 approach?
800' ceiling and 1 1/2 nm vis
135
What does the "T" mean on the ILS 7 Troy (TOI) IAP?
Take off minimums are non standard
136
What are standard take off minimums?
0/0 for pilots w/ > 50 hours wx PC time
| all other 100' ceilings and 1/4 mile vis
137
Do Army aviators have to comply with the published take off procedures?
yes, otherwise obstacle clearance would not be guaranteed
138
What does the take off mins req when taking off from runway 7 at Troy?
Climb runway heading until reaching 1200' before turning on course
139
Is there an exception to the Alt Take off mins at Troy?
Yes, standard take off mins if a climb of 280'/NM to 3200 feet is maintained
140
What is 280 feet per NM, in foot per minute?
375fpm (28/60=375/80)
141
With wind 070/15, 200ft ceiling, 3 nm vis, Can I take off from Troy? (TOI)
Yes, with a 308 fpm climb rate
| 80-15=65kts And Speed. 28/60-30.85/65
142
What does the A mean on the ILS 7 (TOI) IAP?
Alternate mins are non standard
143
Do Army aviators have to comply with the published mins?
No, ceiling and vis mins not applicable to USA/USN/USAF
144
Is the entire plan view for the Troy ILS7 approach to scale?
yes, with the exception of the MGM feeder route depiction (double saw tooth). If there were more than one circle on the plan view, only inside the inner circle is to scale)
145
If being vectored for an approach (that does not have a FAF) what is needed before initiating the approach?
Clearance for the approach
On course
Within the remain within distance
(C.O.W.)
146
On the Copter VOR 061 Tupelo Regional. MS (TUP) what do you do if you are VMC but do not see the airport at the missed approach point?
Proceed visually Northeast along Natchez Trace Parkway to the airport.
(note: this is a point in space approach, the 370' listed in the minima section is known as a HAS. Height Above Surface)
147
What weather is req to file for the Copto VOR-061 approach?
400-1
| Visibility reduction on Copter approaches is not allowed.
148
What weather is req to file for the Copter VOR-061 approach?
400-1
| Visibility reduction on Copter approaches is not allowed.
149
What fpm descent rate is req on the VOR B approach (MAI) with a 10 knot tail wind?
668fpm
(2.7nm at 100kts=1:37 seconds,
descend 1080' in 1:37 seconds = 668fpm)
150
Why are the approaches into Marianna Muni (MAI) lettered? (VOR-A, VOR-B)
The approaches are not within 30 degrees of the landing runway, therefore they are circling approaches. Not straight in.
(Note: on circling approaches the 610' listed in the minima section is known as a HAA)
151
Can an Army pilot fly an SDF approach?
Yes, it is like a localizer (without glide slope), however the course may not be aligned with the runway, but not more than 3 degrees. The course also is either 6 or 12 degrees wide, therefore not as accurate as a localizer is.
152
What kind of approach is the SDF RWY 5 approach at Morristown/Moore-Murrell (MOR) airport?
Simplified Directional Facility (SDF)
153
What kind of approach is the LDA RWY 6 approach to Roanoke Regional (ROA)?
Localizer Type Directional Aid
154
Can an Army pilot fly an LDA approach?
Yes, it is like an ILS but not aligned with the runway. Also it does not always have a glide slope
155
For a circling approach, how far can you circle from the airport?
A=1.3
B=1.5
C=1.7
D=2.3
156
Define HAT
HAA
HAL
HAS
HAT- height above touchdown - straight in approach
HAA-height above airport- Circling approach
HAL-height above landing-Copter Approach
HAS-height above surface-Copter point-in-space approach
157
1-3-6 Rule for Weather IFR flight planning
1 - WX (Can i go?)
3 - (do I need an alternate?)
- WX + 400/1
- Radar req
- Navaids monitored
6
158
1-3-6 Rule for Weather IFR flight planning
1 - WX (Can i go?)
3 - (do I need an alternate?)
- WX + 400/1
- Radar req
- Navaids monitored
6 (is this airport ok to be an alternate?)
-WX +400/1
Radar req
Navaids monitored
GPS req
ANA
Surface based controlled airspace (B,C,D,E sfc)
159
1-3-6 Rule explained
WX - always has to meet mins thru ETA + 1 hour. Also for 1 and 3 use Predominant weather. For 6 use Worst case weather.
Navaids - to check, look in the IFR sup @ NAVAIDS and if unmto is present, it does not meet requirement
Visibility - as Army help, flying less than 91kts you are allowed to reduce vis in half, but not less than 1/4 mile. also you cannot reduce vis on Copter approaches
160
What is the lowest weather I need to file for the ILS7 at Troy?
300, 3/8
WX (300, 3/4 and reduce by 1/2)
with forecast wx of 500,1
do i need an alternate? yes
WX - no (i need 700, 1 3/8)
radar - ok, not req
navaids - ok, monitored
161
VFR Exception Rule
ask IP to review/explain
162
What transponder squawk code is used for lost common?
7600 (FIH)
163
What is the correct procedure if lost common occurs after leaving tower freq switching to departure freq?
If VMC, remain VMC and squawk 7600 and return for landing, following light gun signals, after receiving light gun signals you might want to change squawk to 1200 since VFR.
If IMC, continue IFR clearance as received and filed
164
What is the correct procedure if lost commo occurs after leaving tower freq switching to departure freq?
If VMC, remain VMC and squawk 7600 and return for landing, following light gun signals, after receiving light gun signals you might want to change squawk to 1200 since VFR.
If IMC, continue IFR clearance as received and filed
165
What if commo is lost after freq change to departure was accomplished and after 13 minutes into the flight?
If IMC, continue as cleared and filed.
166
What if ATC said Pick 123, hold Southeast of Banbi as published, maintain 3000, EFC 1315, then the radios went silent?
Fly to Banbi and hold until 1315a and then as filed
167
In the IFR sup what does the H-9A, L18-I on Troy Mean?
On the Low Altitude Chart L-18, Troy can be found on Panel I. Also High altitude 9-A
168
Is there contract fuel at Troy?
Yes - IFR sup - if name listed, it's the company with the contract
169
In the IFR sup, what does LAWRS mean?
Limited Aviation Weather reporting statins
170
What is the current at Atlanta Intl, right now?
Call ATIS using phone number listed in IFR sup, computer generated voice
171
What effect does light turbulence have on aircraft?
see chart in FIH
172
What is the step by step procedure for performing fuel management procedures?
w/in 10 minutes after level off:
-note fuel remaining and current time
-ensure the GAL REM and FUEL LOW agree w/in 3 gal
After 30-60 minutes:
-note fuel remaining and current time
-compute consumption rate, burnout and reserve times
-continue to monitor fuel
173
When planning an IFR flight plan, what are your DIST, COURSE, FUEL, and ETE allowances?
Dist - 1nm
course - 5 deg
fuel - 50lbs
ETE - 3 minutes
174
When conducting a VOR approach, how many degrees deviation is allowed?
5 degrees
175
When conducting an LOC/ILS approach, how many degrees deviation is allowed?
less than full scale deflection on both the LOC course and glide slope needle
176
When arriving into holding what determines the type of entry?
aircraft heading
177
How many degrees variation is allowed between types of entry into holding?
5 degrees
178
When in holding how much deviation in altitude and airspeed is allowed?
100 feet and 10 KIAS
179
How many types of ITO's are there?
2
- IMC from the ground
- VMC from the ground switch to IMC shortly after Takeoff
180
Decision Height/MDA and Missed Approach Points
DH is always an MAP
| MDA is never an MAP
181
IAF
"Let's get in position for the approach from here"
182
FAF
"Start of the approach" FAF for an ILS is always glideslope intercept
183
MAP
"end of the approach" MAP for an ILS is always the DH
184
Types of precision approaches?
*has glide slope / DH*
ILS - Pilot Nav
PAR - Radar Vector / GCA (ATC talks every 5 seconds)
185
Types of non-precision approaches?
*No glide slope / MDA*
LOC, VOR, NDB - Pilot Nav
ASR - Radar Vector/GCA (ATC talks every 15 seconds)
186
GPS approaches are considered what type of approach?
non-precision, however, LPV and LNAV/VNAV have a glide slope indication
187
Remember the 5 T's
```
Time
Turn
Tune
Torque
Talk
```
188
Remember lost commo procedures
Squawk 7600
climb
turn
proceed
189
Remember to start an approach you need what?
Clear
on course
within the remain within distance
(COQ)
190
Remember the 1-3-6 rule
```
Weather
Radar
Navaids
GPS
ANA
Surface Airspace
```
