Sino-Jap War effect on CCP

Question 1

CCP involvement in S-J war

Answer 1

• between the summer of 1941 and theend of
  1943, there were four separate Japanese
  offensives on the Red Army’s n t h division
  under Lin Biao
• involved 230,000 men andlasted for more than twelve months.
• Vladimirov observed in 1942 that the Communistshad ‘long been
  abstaining from both active and passive action against the aggressors’.
• doing muchless fighting than they
  claimed, then and subsequently, and certainly
  less than the Nationalists.

Question 2

CCP growth during war

Answer 2

CCP membership

• 1937 = 40,000
• 1949 = 4,500,000

Red Army

• 1937 = 92,000
• 1949 = 4,000,000

Lib Areas pop

• 1940 = 50 mil
• 1949 = 100 mil

Question 3

LibA - social reforms

Answer 3

• · University of Anti-Japanese Resistance founded in Yan’an
• · Literacy form 1% in 1936 to 50% in 1943
• · Reading lessons for soldiers

Question 4

LibA - economic reforms

Answer 4

• programmes were institutedto raise production, bearing down on peasants and farmers.
• · Army units grew up to 40% of their own food
• · Soldiers to help peasants plough, dig and harvest
• “Our Red army has three
  great tasks: to destroy
  imperialism and the feudal
  forces, to carry out the
  agrarian revolution, to
  establish the people’s
  sovereignty.” Red Army
  creed, memorized by all
  soldiers
• · Popularisation of the idea that hardship=strength and
  solidarity “Struggle, sacrifice, selflessness, diligence and
  courage were celebrated as the Yan’an Way.” Ryan

Question 5

LibA - opium

Answer 5

By 1943, the Communists were producing nearly a
millionboxes of opium a year; the following year, drug
profits contributed up to 40 per cent of total revenue of
the base administration.

Question 6

LibA - government reforms

Answer 6

· Independence and maintenance of existing
local government, after landlords had been
removed from dominance within villages
- · Popular
representation:
Three Thirds
system 		o
1/3 Chinese
Communist Party
		o 1/3
sympathetic
left-wing and
Marxist groups
		o 1/3 elected

Question 7

Mao ideology development in LibA

Answer 7

• Mao developed his philosophy ina series of
  writings on politics and the arts which would
  become sacred templates,
• ‘On New Democracy’ 1940
• policy that embraced all classes in the struggle against Japan.
• Leadership from the people, to the people.” Mao
• it was during these wartimeyears that
  Mao made sure he had a party which
  would manage the grassroots revolution
  to accompany the military victory he
  always saw as fundamental to gaining
  control of China.
• Chairman’s freedom of action was widened by the dissolution
  ofthe Comintern by Stalin in 1943 as a wartime gesture to
  buttress the idea that national Communist parties would
  henceforth run themselves.

Question 8

Yennan rectification campaign events

Answer 8

• autumn of 1942, a ‘cadre
  screening movement’ began
  underMao’s political police
  chief, Kang Sheng
• ‘rectification campaign’ attacked
  ‘subjectivism, sectarianism, andparty
  formalism’
• first meant book knowledge of
  Marxist-Leninismand neglect of its
  practical application
• second referred to anybodywho did not respect
  absolutely the authority of the Central Committee
• third applied to those who spoke in formal
  terms that ordinarypeople would not
  understand
• e arbitrarily decided that one percent of all people in Yan’an
  were spies and should be exposed
• The CCP had to be purged of any groups thatmight
  challenge Mao, whose personality cult was being
  developed by leaps and bounds.

Question 9

Yennan rectification campaign outcome

Answer 9

• By July 1943,1,000 ‘enemy agents’ were reported to have
  been arrested, half of whom were said to have admitted to
  their crimes
• Newcomers to the base werefound to be 70 per cent politically unreliable
• Forty thousand Partymembers were expelled

Question 10

Dixie Mission

Answer 10

• July 1944 – US Dixie Mission sent to Yan’an to
  investigate CCP as backable military power and to
  attempt to foster a KMT-CCP coalition or 3rd United Front.
• November 1944 – General Hurley, an enormously ignorant and
  pompous KMT-sympathetic American is sent to Yan’an to
  negotiate a United Front. He and the leaders drafted a five-point
  plan for unification. Chiang refused to sign.

Question 11

Three Alls campaigb

Answer 11

• By thetime it ended in the autumn, the population of the Soviets had fallen

from 40 million to 25 million.
- approved 3 December 1941 as retaliation for the HUndred Regiments Offensive of December 1940