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PHARMACY PRACTICE II > SINUSITIS > Flashcards

SINUSITIS Flashcards

1
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus.

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2
Q

Location of the Paranasal sinuses

A

within the cranio-maxillo-facial bones.

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3
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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4
Q

Why are they called paranasal sinuses

A

Mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses are in direct continuity with the nasal cavity

The paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity

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5
Q

Function of the paranasal sinuses

A

Humidifying and warming inspired air
Regulation of intranasal pressure
Lightening the skull
Resonance
Absorbing shock
Contribute to facial growth

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6
Q

Stages of sinusitis

A

Acute stage
Subacute stage
Chronic stage
Recurrent episode

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7
Q

Acute stage

A

lasts for (1-3) weeks

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8
Q

Subacute stage

A

3weeks to 3 months

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9
Q

Chronic stage

A

longer than 3 months

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10
Q

Recurrent episdoe

A

Repetitive acute bouts of more than 4 bouts in a year

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11
Q

Viral causes of sinusistis

A

Rhinovirus
Reovirus
Myxovirus
Paramyxovirus
Coxsachivirus
ECHOvirus

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12
Q

Gram positive Bacterial causes of sinusitis

A

Stept. pneumonia
Strept. haemolyticus
Staph. aureus
Neiserria (Moraxella now) catarrhalis

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13
Q

Gram negative bacterial causes of sinusitis

A

P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
E. coli
Proteus vulgaris

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14
Q

Mode of sinusitis infection

A

Rhinogenic
Dentogenic (Odontogenic)
Haematogenic
Traumatic

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15
Q

Predisposing factors of sinusitis

A

Cold weather
Smoking and Fumes
Allergies
Nasal deformities
Nasal polyps
Cystic fibrosis
HIV infection

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16
Q

Symptoms of sinusitis

A

Headache
Fever
Malaise
Hallitosis
Nasal irritation
Nasal obstruction
Heaviness in the head
Rhinorrhoea
Facial pains and tenderness

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17
Q

Forms of rhinorrhoea

A

Mucoid
Mucopurulent
Haemorrhagic mucopurulent

18
Q

Pain in maxillary sinusitis

A

Frontal headache
Infra orbital pain.

19
Q

Presentations of frontal sinusitis

A

Frontal headache
Supra orbital pain.

20
Q

Presentation of ethmoid sinusitis

A

Intra-canthal pain on the bridge of the nose.

21
Q

Canthus

A

Inner or outer corner of the eye

22
Q

Presentations of sphenoid sinusitis

A

Occipital headache
Retro-ocular pain.

23
Q

Investigations in sinusitis

A

Radiological
Haematological
Microbiology

24
Q

Radiological investigations in sinusitis

A

X ray of paranasal sinuses
Computerized Tomography (CT Scan)

25
Q

Benefits of physiotherapy in sinusitis

A

Reducing the inflammation in the linings
Reducing the viscosity of secretions
Aids in clearing the passages by increasing the rate of drainage from thesinuscavities.

26
Q

Most common inciting event of chronic sinusitis

A

Viral upper respiratory tract infection

27
Q

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

A

Offensive yellowish or greenish mucopurulent discharge
Nasal obstruction and Irritation
Discomfort (Heaviness) in the area of the involved sinus
Halitosis

28
Q

Surgical treatment of sinusitis

A

Antral washout
Antral washout and Antrostomy
Radical antrostomy

29
Q

Caldwell Luc Operation

A

Also known as antral antrostomy involves removal of irreversible damaged mucosa of the maxillary sinus

30
Q

Antrostomy

A

clear the sinus opening

31
Q

Antral washout

A

Irrigation of the maxillary sinus

32
Q

Management of sinusitis

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics
Analgesic/Antipyretics Nasal decongestants
Steam inhalation
Physiotherapy

33
Q

Steam inhalation is done with…..

A

Menthol
Tincture of Benzoin Compound (TBC)

34
Q

Causes of chronic sinusitis

A

Proteus vulgaris
E. coli
P. aeruginosa

Strep. spp.
Staph. aureus
M. catarrhalis

35
Q

Allergy vs Infective sinusitis

A

Nostril: Allergy is usually bilateral while infective sinusitis is usually unilateral

Rhinorrhoea: Allergy is mucoid ( watery ) while infective sinusitis is mucopurulent

Halitosis: infective sinusitis

36
Q

Local complications of chronic sinusitis

A

Fronto- ethmoidal mucocoele Nasal and Antrochoanal polyps Hypertrophic nasal turbinates Epistaxis

37
Q

Distant complications of chronic sinusitis

A

Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Laryngitis
Orbital cellulitis
Otitis media.

37
Q

Intra-cranial complications of chronic sinusitis

A

Meningitis
Cerebral abscess Cavernous sinus thrombosis

38
Q

Nasal polyp

A

Straw coloured, mobile soft mass, insensitive and painless in the nostril

38
Q

Antrochoanal polyp

A

benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana

38
Q

Polypectomy

A

Removal of polyps

PHARMACY PRACTICE II (17 decks)

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