Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a&p > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Joints

Functions of joints

hold allow

A

Hold bones together
Allow for mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epiphyseal line

A
  • Remains of the epiphyseal plate
  • Seen in adult bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bone Fractures

Fracture

break

A

break in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Homeostatic Imbalance

Osteoporosis

bone thinning, makes, vertebral collape, estrogen

A

Bone-thinning disease
makes bones fragile
Vertebral collapse results in kyphosis
Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a female skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

concentric lamallae

A

surround haversion canals and allows for vessels to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carpals and tarsals

A

short bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bone Formation and Growth

Appositional growth

growth, controlled by which hormone

A

growth in diameter
Controlled by growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Classification of Joints

Two ways joints are classified

fs

A

Functionally – amount of movement joint allows
Structurally – type of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

holes are filled with _ and allow for _ and _ to pass

A

red bone marrow and arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

anatomy of long bone

Diaphysis

sh, makes up, composed

A

Shaft
Makes up most of bone’s length
Composed of compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bone Formation and Growth

Ossification

process, occurs

A

Process of bone formation
Occurs on hyaline cartilage models or fibrous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Short bones

cube, include bones of wri,ank , ex car tar

A

Generally cube-shaped
Include bones of the wrist and ankle
Ex. Carpals & Tarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Structural Classes of Joints

Synovial Joints

articulatingB joint cavity, synovial fluid, diath

A

Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity
Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity
Diathroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classification of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

functions of bone

Framework
Protection
Attached skeletal muscles
Mineral & Fat storage
Hematopoiesis

ss, soft, for, cal fatC, bloodRBM

A

provides shape and support

for soft body organs i.e Skull –brain; rib cage - lungs

for movement

Calcium and Phosphate, fat in the internal marrow cavity

blood cell formation within red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Repair of Bone Fractures

two: Fibrocartilage callus forms

made of. splint

A

made of fibrous tissue and cartilage. This acts as a splint to close up the gap which has occurred in the broken bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two basic types of bone (osseous) tissue

Compact bone

Spongy bone

DSH, small needle many space

A

Dense, smooth, and homogeneous

Small needle-like pieces of bone. Many open spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Microscopic Structure

Osteon (Haversian system)

unitB containing CC and MR

A

A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

synovial joints

Four distinguishing features of synovial joints

articular, acapsule, jointC, reinforcing

A

Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Joint cavity
Reinforcing ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Epiphysis

ends, composed spongy enclosed by thin

A

Ends of the bone
Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Two subdivisions of the skeleton?

aa

A

Axial and Appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Include bones of the wrist and ankle

A

short bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Irregular bones

irregular sh, ex vsc

A

irregular shape
Ex. Vertebrae & Sacrum/Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

periostium- anatomy of long bone

Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

secure

A

secure periosteum to underlying bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Microscopic Structure

Central (Haversian) canal

opening,runs,carries

A

Opening in the center of an osteon
Runs lengthwise through bone
Carries blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Marrow (medullary) cavity

cavity, contains, contains

A

Cavity inside the shaft
Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
Contains red marrow for blood cell formation in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bone Formation and Growth

Epiphyseal plates are converted to

boneA, epiphyseal, length ends

A

bone during adolescence to form epiphyseal line. bone length then ends

28
Q

Microscopic Structure

Osteocytes
Lacunae
Lamellae

situated, are arranged, are rings

A

situated within cavities known as lacunae
Lacunae are arranged in concentric rings called lamellae
Lamellae are rings situated around the central (Haversian) canal

29
Q

Homeostatic Imbalances

Sprains
Dislocations
and

ligament, bones, frac

A

Ligament of a joint is stretched or torn
Bones are forced out of their normal position
Fracture

30
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

  1. Ball and socket
  2. Pivot
  3. Saddle
  4. Hinge
  5. Plane
  6. Condylar

1.hipS, 2.skulltV, 3.thu, 4.kep, 5.tcv, 6.phal

A
  1. hip and shoulder
  2. skull to Vertebra
  3. thumb
  4. knee, elbow, phalanges
  5. tarsals, carpals, vertebra
  6. phalanges
31
Q

Curvatures of Spine

Primary
Secondary
Abnormal

present, associated, congen

A

present at birth and are convex posteriorly
associated with a child’s later development and are convex anteriorly
congenital

32
Q

Repair of Bone Fractures

three: Bony callus (made of spongy bone) replaces the fibrocartilage callus

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate into the bony callus

33
Q

Parts of the skeletal system include

bjcl

A

Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

34
Q

Homeostatic Imbalances

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune, attacks, symptoms bilateral, often leads to

A

An autoimmune disease—the immune system attacks the joints
Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints
Often leads to deformities

35
Q

Types of bone fractures

Closed (simple) fracture

break not

A

break that does not penetrate the skin

36
Q

Types of bone fractures

Open (compound) fracture

broken bone

A

broken bone penetrates through the skin

37
Q

All of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) are

A

long bones

38
Q

Two basic types of bone (osseous) tissue

cs

A

Compact bone

Spongy bone

39
Q

Anatomy of a Long Bone

In adults, red marrow is situated in

cavities of __ bone, epiphyses

A

cavities of spongy bone and epiphyses of some long bones

40
Q

Repair of Bone Fractures

four: Bone remodeling occurs and it will eventually form a

strong

A

strong permanent patch at the fracture site.

41
Q

short bones

Sesamoid bones

ten, ex p

A

a type of short bone that form within tendons (ex. patella)

42
Q

Trabecullae

A

Calcified portion of spongy bone that resist compression

43
Q

Repair of Bone Fractures

one: Hematoma

blood

A

(blood-filled swelling) is formed

44
Q

Bone Formation and Growth

By birth, most cartilage is converted to bone except for two regions in a long bone:

New cartilage is formed continuously on external face of these two cartilages

Old cartilage is broken down and replaced by bony matrix

art, epi

A

Articular cartilages
Epiphyseal plates

45
Q

longitudal growth

A

growth in length
controlled by growth hormone

46
Q

femur and humerous

A

long bone

47
Q

Structural Classes of Joints

Fibrous joints: united by fibrous tissue

no, lig, suture of, syna

A

No cavity is present
Ligaments: attach bone to bone
Suture joints of the skull
Synarthroses (immoveable)

48
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

Costal cartilage connects

A

ribs to sternum

49
Q

Long bones

longer, shaft with heads, except wak(c), ex fe hu

A

longer > wide
Shaft with heads situated at both ends
All of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) are long bones
Ex. Femur & humerus

50
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, protects bone from compression, spaces filled with red marrow

51
Q

Bone Remodeling

Hypercalcemia

high, initiates

A

(high blood calcium levels) initiates calcium storage into bones

52
Q

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Articular cartilage

covers, made, decreases

A

Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces

53
Q

Bone Remodeling

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

releasedL, activates, osteoclasts break down release

A

Released when blood calcium levels are low (inc blood calcium)
Activates osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells)
Osteoclasts break down bone and release calcium ions into the blood

54
Q

Vertebrae & Sacrum/Coccyx

A

Irregular bones

55
Q

Functions of bone?

fpamh

A

Framework
Protection
Attached skeletal muscles
Mineral & Fat storage
Hematopoiesis

56
Q

Flat bones

tfc, ex srsp

A

Thin, flattened, and curved
Ex. Skull, Ribs, Sternum & Pelvis

57
Q

Homeostatic Imbalances

Osteoarthritis (OA)

common, related age

A

Most common chronic arthritis
Related to normal aging processes

58
Q

Skull, Ribs, Sternum & Pelvis

A

Flat bones

59
Q

anatomy of long bone

Periosteum

outside covering of , fibrous C

A

Outside covering of the diaphysis
Fibrous connective tissue membrane

60
Q

Functional Classification of Joints

Arthro: means joint
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

isf

A

immovable joints
slightly movable
freely movable

61
Q

Bone Remodeling

Bones are remodeled throughout life in response to two factors:

blood, pull

A

Blood calcium levels
Pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton, especially when exercising

62
Q

Homeostatic Imbalances

Bursitis
Tendonitis
Arthritis

bursa caused, tendon, degenrative

A

inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction
inflammation of tendon sheaths
inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints

63
Q

Bone Formation and Growth

Growth of long bone involves two major phases

vocab, enclosed

A

Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells
Enclosed cartilage model is digested away, opening up a medullary cavity

64
Q

interstitral lamellae

A

extra support, fill space between osteon

65
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A
  • Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
  • Causes lengthwise growth of a long bone
66
Q

Structural Classes of Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

united, no, amph

A

United by cartilage, no cavity is present
Amphiarthroses

67
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

Symphysis

cartilage in pubic, discs

A

cartilage in the pubic symphysis, and intervertebral discs

a&p (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions