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HOSA Medical Terminology > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

chondr/i, chondr/o

A

cartilage

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4
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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5
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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6
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

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7
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

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8
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

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9
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

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10
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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11
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

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12
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

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13
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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14
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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15
Q

-um

A

singular noun ending

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16
Q

Structures and functions of the skeletal system

A

provide the framework for the body; support and protect internal organs; joints, in conjugation with muscles, ligaments, and tendons, allow for a wide range of movement; calcium storage (required for nerve and muscle function); formation of red blood cells

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17
Q

Ossification

A

process of which bones are formed when cartilage and membranes from birth are converted to bone

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18
Q

Osteoclats

A

break down old/damaged bone

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19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

form new bone

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue covering the outermost part of the bone

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21
Q

Compact (cortical) bone

A

dense, hard bone that forms a protective outer layer

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22
Q

Spongy (cancellous) bone

A

lighter, not as strong; contains red bone marrow

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23
Q

Medullary cavity

A

central cavity of the shaft, contains red and yellow bone marrow

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24
Q

Endosteum

A

tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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25
Red bone marrow
a hemopoietic tissue that produces red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
26
Hemopoietic (hematopoietic)
pertaining to the formation of red blood cells
27
Yellow bone marrow
a fat storage area
28
Cartilage
a smooth, rubbery connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones; makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton (outer ear, tip of nose)
29
Articular cartilage
covers the surface of bones where they form joints; protects joints from rubbing against each other, allows for smooth movement
30
Meniscus
curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints (ex. knee, jaw)
31
Diaphysis
the shaft of the long bone
32
Epiphysis
the ends of the long bone
33
Foramen
an opening in the bone that allows blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments to pass
34
Process
a surface of the bone that acts as an attachment for muscles or tendons
35
Joints (articulations)
the union point of two or more bones; classified by construction or the degree of movement they allow
36
Fibrous joint
holds bones tightly together with dense layers of connective tissue; in adults they are immoveable, and in newborns, they are soft and often moveable before they solidify
37
Sutures
immovable fibrous joints in adults
38
Fontanelles
(soft spots) of a newborn's skull
39
Cartilaginous joint
allows minimal movement, consist of bones connected completely by cartilage (ex. where the ribs connect to the sternum, pubic symphysis)
40
Synovial joint
points where two bones articulate to allow a variety of motion; described based on their type of motion
41
Ball and socket joint
allows a wide range of movement (ex. shoulders, hips)
42
Hinge joint
allows movement in a single direction/plane (ex. elbows, knees)
43
Synovial capsule
outermost layer of strong, fibrous tissue that surrounds the joints like a sleeve
44
Synovial membrane
lines the synovial capsule, secretes synovial fluid
45
Ligaments
bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to each other, or bones to cartilage; complex hinge joints have many ligaments that allow for a range of motion (ex. knee)
46
Bursa
fibrous sac that cushions and reduces friction in a joint where a tendon passes over a bone (ex. shoulder, elbow, knee)
47
Axial skeleton
protects the major organs of the neurological, respiratory and circulatory system; consists of 80 bones in the head and trunk (bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone, rib cage, and the vertebral column
48
Appendicular skeleton
allows movement, and protects the major organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction; consists of 126 bones in the extremities, including upper extremities (arms, wrists, hands) and lower extremities (legs, ankles, feet)
49
#of bones in the skull
28 bones
50
Cranium
made of 8 bones; part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain; joined by sutures
51
Frontal bone
anterior portion of the cranium, that forms the forehead
52
Parietal bones
forms roof and upper sides of cranium; two of the largest skull bones
53
Occipital bone
forms the back of the skull and base of the cranium
54
Temporal bone
forms sides and the base of cranium
55
External auditory meatus
opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear
56
Sphenoid bone
irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull; forms the base of the cranium, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets
57
Ethmoid bone
forms a portion of each orbit
58
Orbit
bony socket that surrounds eyeballs
59
Auditory ossicles
3 tiny bones in each middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes)
60
Bones of the face
made of 14 bones; some contain sinuses
61
Sinuses
air-filled cavities
62
Nasal bones
form the upper part of the bridge of the nose
63
Zygomatic bones (cheekbones)
articulate with the frontal bone
64
Maxillary bones (maxillae)
form most of the upper jaw

HOSA Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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