Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PE physiology > Skeletal and Muscular System > Flashcards

Skeletal and Muscular System Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A
  • support
  • protection
  • movement
  • blood cell production
  • shape
  • muscle attachment
  • mineral storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Support

A

Bones keep us upright and hold the rest of our body in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protection

A

Flat bones enclose and protect vital organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Movement

A

Bones provide anchor points for muscles, create levers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shape

A

Bones give us our general shape eg height, build

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscle attachment

A

Bones provide anchorage for muscles to attach and when they contract they pull the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mineral storage

A

Store calcium and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood cell production

A

Produced in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ball and socket

A

The rounded part of the bone fits into the cp like end of another, eg shoulder,hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hinge

A

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another eg elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Similar to the ball and socket but the curved surfaces are much flatter eg wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a ball and socket joint towards the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a ball and socket joint away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dori flexion

A

Pointing your ankle joint towards your shin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing your ankle joint towards the floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Circumduction

A

Drawing a circle with your limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Medial rotation

A

Twisting of a limb into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Twisting of a limb away from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Horizontal flexion

A

straight limb twisting into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Horizontal extension

A

Straight limb twisting away from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle responsible for the movement of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that lengthens or relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Fixator
The muscle that stabilises the joint
26
Flexion agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : anterior deltoid Antagonist: posterior deltoid
27
Extension agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : posterior deltoid Antagonist: anterior deltoid
28
Abduction agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : medial deltoid Antagonist: latissimus dorsi
29
Adduction agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : lattissimus dorsi Antagonist: medial deltoid
30
Circumduction agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Rotator cuff
31
Medial rotation agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : pectoralis major, anterior deltoid Antagonist: teres minor, posterior deltoid
32
Lateral rotation agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : teres minor, posterior deltoid Antagonist: pectoralis major, anterior deltoid
33
Horizontal flexion agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : pectoralis major Antagonist: teres minor
34
Horizontal extension agonist and antagonist at shoulder
Agonist : teres minor Antagonist: pectoralis major
35
Flexion agonist and anatagonist at the elbow
Agonist : bicep brachii Antagonist: tricep brachii
36
Extension agonist and antagonist at the elbow
Agonist : tricep brachii Antagonist: bicep brachii
37
Flexion agonist and antagonist at wrist
Agonist : wrist flexor Antagonist: wrist extendors
38
Extension agonist and antagonist at wrist
Agonist : wrist extendors Antagonist: wrist flexors
39
Flexion agonist and antagonist at hip
Agonist : iliopsaos Antagonist: gluteus maximus
40
Extension agonist and antagonist at hip
Agonist : gluteus maximums Antagonist: iliopsoas
41
Abduction agonist and antagonist at hip
Agonist : gluteus medius + minimus Antagonist: adductor longus + brevis
42
Adduction agonist and antagonist at hip
Agonist : adductor longus + brevis Antagonist: gluteus medius + minimus
43
Medial rotation agonist and antagonist at hip
Agonist : iliopsoas Antagonist: adductor longus + brevis
44
Lateral rotation agonist and antagonist at hip
Agonist : gluteus maximum Antagonist: gluteus medius + minimus
45
Flexion agonist and antagonist at knee
Agonist : bicep femoris Antagonist: rectus femoris
46
Extension agonist and antagonist at knee
Agonist : rectus femoris Antagonist: bicep femoris
47
Dorsi flexion agonist and antagonist at ankle
Agonist : tibialis anterior Antagonist: gastrocnemius, soleus
48
Plantar flexion agonist and antagonist at ankle
Agonist : gastrocnemius, soleus Antagonist: tibialis anterior
49
Sagittal plane
- divides body into left and right - movements = flexion/ extension, Circumduction, eg running somersault
50
Frontal plane
- divides body into front and back - movements = abduction/adduction, Circumduction eg cartwheel
51
Transverse plane
- Divides body into top and bottom - movements = medial/lateral rotation, horizontal flexion/extension, circumference - full twist, pirouette
52
Isotonic
The muscle is changing length while exerting a force
53
Isotonic concentric
Muscle shortens
54
Isotonic eccentric
Muscle lengthens (acts as a break/control)
55
Isometric
The muscle is not changing length while exerting a force
56
Type 1
- Slow oxidative - endurance fibres
57
Type 2a
- fast oxidative glycolytic - speed endurance fibres
58
Type 2b
-fast glycolytic - speed/power fibres
59
Structural characteristics of slow oxidative
- small fibre size - small neuron size - many capillaries -large myoglobin content - many mitochondria - high glycogen stores - low PC stores
60
structural characteristics of fast oxidative glycolytic fibres
•intermediate fibre size •intermediate neuron size • many capillaries •many myoglobin •many mitochondria •intermediate glycogen stores •intermediate PC stores
61
structural characteristics of fast glycolytic fibres
• large fibre sizes • large neuron sizes • small amount of capillaries •small myoglobin content •few number of mitochondria •low glycogen stores •high PC stores
62
functional characteristics of slow oxidative fibres
• slow speed of contraction •weak force of contraction • slow rate of fatigue •aerobic •slow recovery rate
63
functional characteristics fast oxidative glycolytic fibres
•fast speed of contraction •high force of contraction •intermediate rate of fatigue •aerobic/anaerobic •intermediate recovery rate
64
functional characteristics of fast glycolytic fibres
• fast speed of contraction • strong force of contraction •fast rate of fatigue • anaerobic •fast recovery rate
65
motor unit
a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibres it innervates
66
motor unit function
to carry an impulse from the CNS to the muscle fibres to initiate muscular contractions
67
neuromuscular junction
•the space between the neuron and the muscle us know as the synapse •if the action potential is high enough, acetyl choline will be secreted into the synapse creating a closed circuit for the impulse to travel into the muscle and cause contraction.
68
action potential
•refers to the electrical impulse travelling down the motor unit •if this impulse it strong enough and reaches the threshold, the impulse is i’ll travel into the muscle and cause all fibres connected to the motor unit to contract •this known as the “all or none law”
69
steps of the motor unit
1. signal sent from CNS collected by the motor unit (action potential). 2. signal moves down the axon towards the muscle fibres. 3. the point at which the motor neurone communicates with the muscle fibres is called neuromuscular junction. 4. if action potential is high enough the muscle travels across the synapse and into the muscle causing a contraction.

PE physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions