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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Skeletal Characteristics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Skeletal Characteristics Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is pressure?

A
  • The amount of force distributed over a given area
  • The more surface area, the more distribution of the weight and pressure
  • Pressure = force / area
2
Q

What is stress?

A
  • Distribution of force within a body
  • Stress = force / area
  • Can be used interchangeably with load
3
Q

What is load?

A

Any force applied to an object or person

4
Q

What are the five types of loads?

A
  • Compression
  • Tension
  • Bending
  • Shear
  • Torsion
5
Q

What is a compression force? What is an example when talking about the body?

A
  • When the ends are pressed together
  • Results in widening and shortening of the object / bones
  • The weight of the body compresses the cartilage in between the femur and tibia
6
Q

What is a tension force? What is an example when talking about the body?

A
  • Pulling or stretching
  • Results in narrowing and lengthening of the object / bones
  • Stretching
7
Q

What is a bending force?

A

Creating compression on 2 sides and tension on a third side

8
Q

What is a shear force?

A
  • Forces applied parallel to the surface in between
  • Causes rubbing of the objects / bones horizontally
9
Q

What is a torsion force? What is an example when talking about the body?

A
  • Twisting / rotation
  • One end of a bone is fixed while the other is rotating on it
10
Q

What happens to a bone if too much compression is applied to it?

A

A compression fracture

11
Q

What happens to a bone if too much tension is applied to it?

A

An evulsion fracture

12
Q

What happens to a bone if too many bending forces are applied to it?

A
  • A ski-boot fracture would be an example
  • May result in open fractures
13
Q

What happens to a bone if too many shear forces are applied to it?

A

Grinding of bones

14
Q

What happens to a bone if too much torsion is applied to it?

A

Spiral fracture