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Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is another word for skeletal muscle cells?

A

Muscle fiber

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2
Q

What is the functions of skeletal muscle

A

Body movement
Maintain posture
Protect and support
Regulate elimination of materials
Produce heat

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3
Q

In skeletal muscle, what makes up the length and width!

A

Length; muscle fibers
Groups of muscle fibers; width

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4
Q

What is the anatomy of the skeletal muscle? Start with the outside layer of the muscle and go deeper

A

Epimyseum - Muscle
Perimyseum - fascicle (many muscle fibers together= fascicle
Endomysium- myofibrils (one group of myofibrils = muscle fiber

In myrofibrils there’s the sarcomeres

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5
Q

What is on top of the Epimyseum? And what’s on tip of that?

A

Deep fascia
Superficial fascia

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6
Q

What is Epimyseum?

A

The Epimyseum wraps itself around the whole skeletal muscle

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7
Q

Where is perimyseum? What does it contain?

A

Perimyseum surrounds the fascicle (bundles of muscle fibers)
Contains array of blood vessels and nerves called neurovascular bundles

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8
Q

Where is endomyseum? What does it do?

A

Surrounds the many myofibrils
The endomyseum insulates the muscle fiber and contains reticular fibers to help bind muscle fibers together
Also supports capilaries

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9
Q

What is a fibrous tendon? What does it attach to?

A

Connective tissue layers emerging at the ends of a muscle
Attaches muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle

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10
Q

Origin vs insertion
I

A

Origin; less mobile attachment
Stays fixed
Insertion; most mobile attachment

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11
Q

What holds fibers, nerves, blood vessels?

A

The fascicle

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12
Q

What do blood vessels do?

A
  • Blood vessels deliver nutrients and oxygen to the muscle fibers for production of ATP
  • remove waste products produced by muscle fibers
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13
Q

What does the motor system of the somatic nervous system do?

A

from brain and spinal cord to supply nerves to muscle

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14
Q

On a notebook draw a motor neuron, the cell, the axon, the derrites, the neuromuscular junction and muscle fiber

A

Notebooks

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15
Q

What is in the muscle fiber?

A

Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Terminal cristae
Transverse tubule

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16
Q

What’s in a myofibrils?

A

Thick filete y
Thin filament
Actin
Tropomyosin
Tropsin
Connectin
Nebulin
Dustrophin

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17
Q

What is the sarcolemma and function?
Sarcolemma vs Sarcoplasm
Sarcolemma is the lining over muscle fiber and sarcoplasm is the plasma membrane

A
  • plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
  • surrounds muscle fiber and regulates entry and exit of materials
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18
Q

What is sarcoplasm? And function

A

Cytoplasm if a muscle fiber
Metabolic process

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19
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic retoculum? Function? What attached to it?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber
- stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction
- terminal cristae is attached

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20
Q

What is terminal cristae? Function;

A

Expanded ends of sarcoplasmic reticulum that are in contact with T tubule
- site of calcium ion release to promote muscle contractions

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21
Q

What is transverse tubule? Function ppl

A

Narrow, tubule extension of sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm, contacting the terminal cristae (around myofibrils)
- quickly transport a muscle impulse from the sarcolemma throughout the entire muscle fiber

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22
Q

What is. Thick filament made of? What does it do?

A

Composed of bundles of myosin
Bonds to thin filament and causes contraction

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23
Q

What is thin filament? What does it do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Protein myofilament composed of actin, troponin, and trompomyosin

24
Q

What is actin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Contractile protein

25
What is tropomyosin vs troponin
Regulatory protein Regulatory protein that holds trompomyosin in place and anchors to actin
26
What is connectin? What does it provide?
Single molecular filament of a giant protein Provides passive tension w in sarcomere
27
What is nebulin? What does it do?
Filament of giant protection. Regulate length of thin filament
28
What is Dystrophin?
Protein complex
29
What is a triad?
- Two terminal cisternae and a t tubule make a - sarcoplasmic reticulum and terminal cisternae
30
What do thick filaments contain? What happens to these two during contraction?
Thick filaments - contain myosin protein molecules - 2 strands: 2 globular head and a tail that intertwines - During contraction they form crossbridges
31
What do thin filaments contain? What are the proteins?
Composed of two protein actin twisted around - Tropomyosin Shirt thin filament covering actin strands - Troponin Attached to actin and tropomyosin Spherical molecule is G (globular) actin and Filament of G actin is F (filamenous) actin
32
What is a single contractile unit of a muscle?
Sarcomere
33
What is a Z disc and what do they anchor
They delineate both ends by z disc They anchor for thin filament
34
What is I bands. What happens when contracted?
Extend from both directions of Z line End regions only contain thin filaments I band disappears
35
What is A band? What happens when contracted?
It’s the central region of sarcomere and has entire thick filament and partial ends of thin myofilament Does not change in length
36
What is H zone? What happens during contraction?
The most central portion of A band with no overlapping ONLY thick filament During contraction, Thai disappears
37
What is the m line? What it’s function?
Thin protein mesh work structure center of H zone - attachment site for thick filaments and keeps them aligned during contraction an relaxation
38
What are the three other proteins? Where they at? Function? What’s the disses linked to one of these?
Connectin - stabilizes position of thick filaments - compress during contraction to produce passive tension (returning sarcomere at resting length) Nebulin - actin binding protein complex that anchors part of the I band Dystrophin - anchors myofibrils to proteins in sarcolemma - neuromuscular disease (abnormal amounts of dys)
39
What is the sliding filament theory?
When muscle contracts, thick and thin filaments slide pad each other and sarcomere shortens
40
What is a neuromuscular junction?
Where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber
41
When does muscle contraction begin?
Nerve impulse stimulates muscle fiber
42
What are the components to the neuromuscular junction?
Synaptic knob - neurons ends Synaptic vesicles - in the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob, there are synaptic vesicles filled w neurotransmitter ACh Synaptic cleft - small space between SK and motor end plate Motor end plate - region of sarcolemma Ach receptors - only way to open doors Acetylcholinesterase - breaks down molecules of Ach to not continuously stimulate muscle
43
How does muscle contraction work?
- Nerve Impulse of SK causes SV to release ACh into synaptic cleft.ACh attached to receptors in motor end plate - binding of ACh causes receptors to open, allowing sodium ions to enter muscle fibers initiation gi pulse across sarcolema (as long as ACh receptors are open then the impulse will continue to spread) - impulse is traveling across sarcolema then t tubules help impulse go into muscle fibers - once impulse spreads on sarcomere and go into T Tubule, calcium ions are released which bind to troponin - troponin causes tropomyosin to move and expose active sites - myosin heads attach to actin forming crossbridges - sarcomere shortens and muscle contracts (as long as calcium still bound to troponin) - finally calcium ions move back to endoplasmic reticulum by ATp ion pumps.
44
How is the interaction between t tubules and cisternae?
- T tubules distribute the muscle impulse and are in the middle of the terminal cisternae (where calcium ions are are stored) The impulse along The T tubule membrane makes calcium ions leak out of the terminal, cisternae into sarcoplasm of muscle fiber
45
What do tropomyosin molecules do? What binds to tromponin to to allow it to expose? What specially does it expose?
They cover active states preventing interaction between thick filaments and thin filaments Calcium ions Active sites on the g actin molecule Once there’s no impulse, calcium goes back into ER
46
WhT are motor units?
A single motor neuron w all the muscle fibers it controls
47
What happens in motor units if the muscle is big? What about it terms of movement?
More motor neurons it needs. A muscle that doesn’t do a lot of movements can have one motor neuron per thousands of fibers. But the finer it is, the less it will control
48
Isometric vs isotonic
Isometric: length does not change but muscle is tense Isotonic: causes muscle to shorten and body part to move
49
What is muscle tone?
Resting tension in skeletal muscle
50
Concentric vs Ecentric
Concentric: actively shortens a muscle Eccentric: actively Lengthens a muscle
51
What are types of skeletal muscle fibers?
Slow oxidative - slow and less powerful contraction Fast oxidative - fast powerful contraction Fast glycolytic - powe and speed
52
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Increase in muscle fiber size
53
Hyperplasia
Increase in muscle fiber number
54
Muscle Atrophy
Wasting of tissue Lose mass, size, tone, power
55
Extreme atrophy
Loss of gross muscle function
56
What are 3 skeletal muscle actions?
Agonist - muscle that contracts to produce a particular movement Antagonist Opposite of agonist. So if agonist did flexión; then antagonist will do extension Synergists - assist agonist

Muscles (5 decks)

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