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Exam 1 > Skeletal Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Physiology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Contractility

A

ability of a muscle to shorten. bring bones together, role in movement and posture

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2
Q

Excitability

A

caapcity of a muscle to respond to a chemical or electrical stimulus

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3
Q

Extensibility

A

unstimulated muscle passively stretch to and beyond resting length

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4
Q

Elasticity

A

ability of muscle to recoil to orginal resting length

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5
Q

Series Elastic components

A

tendons become taut during contraction of muscle

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6
Q

Parallel elastic components

A

cell membranes

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7
Q

Skeletal

A

attached to bones. multiple nuclei per cell, located on outer edges. Striated under voluntary and involuntary reflex control

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8
Q

cardiac

A

heart. single nucleus at the center.Striated, involuntary and intercalated disks

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9
Q

Smooth

A

walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, skin. single nucleus located at center. Not striated, involuntary, gap junstions

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10
Q

Tendons

A

fibrous connective tissue muscle and bone. Elastic anchors

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11
Q

Muscle head

A

Muscles end attached to more stationary of two bones

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12
Q

Muscle insertion

A

muscle end attached to bone with greatest movement

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13
Q

Muscle Belly

A

largest portion of muscle between head and insertion

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14
Q

Synergist

A

seperate muscles that work together to cause movements

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15
Q

Agonist

A

muscle causing action when its contracted

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16
Q

antagonist

A

opposite of agonist. relaxes during agonist contraction

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17
Q

Parallel fiber architecture

A

parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle

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18
Q

Pennate

A

fibers are at an angle to longitudinal axis. generate greater for per mass but have shorter range

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19
Q

Multinucleated syncytium

A

developmental origin as fusion of mononucleated cells. Elongated nuclei, cylinderical with tapered ends

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20
Q

Myoblasts

A

lack of myofibrils. fused together to become myotubes

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21
Q

Myotubes

A

develop myofibrils and specialized organelles for contraction

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22
Q

Sarcomere

A

fundamental contractile unit muscle fibers. Contains family of proteins that is anchoring framework and contractile apparatus. causes sarcomere length to shorted. The distance between striations

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23
Q

Sarcolemma

A

outer membrane that envelops skeletal muscles

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24
Q

Axon of motor neuron

Study These Flashcards
A

connecting to send signals

25
Transverse Tubule
invagination of external membrane of skeletal muscle. Allow spreading action potential to pass into depths of fiber allow coordination of Ca moblization from sarcoplasmic reticulum
26
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
main calcium channel and storage unit
27
Sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of striated muscle cells, where Ca2+ is sensed
28
Actin
thin filament. anchored to z-disks
29
Myosin
thick filament. overlap adjacent sets of thin filament
30
H-zone
length between actin filaments
31
A-band
length of myosin filiment
32
Tropomyosin
protein that prevents interaction between actin and myosin
33
Crossbridge Cycling
Resting fiber, crossbridge, powerstroke, release of crossbridge, reset for next binding
34
Crossbridge cycling Resting Fiber
Myosin head group not attached to actin. ADP and Pi remain bound to myosin ATPase
35
Crossbridge cycling Crossbridge
increase of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasam promotes the binding of the myosin to actin myofilament
36
Crossbridge Cycling Powerstroke
ADP and Pi release. Myosin head crossbridge orientation changes. Thick and thin filaments slide in opposite directions
37
CrossBridge cycling release cross bridge
a new molecule of ATP binds to the myosin head
38
Crossbridge cycling resent for next binding
ATP hydrolysis yields energy facilitating the myosin head to return to its orginal orientation. Myosin pulls z-disks closer together,ATP had byproduct ADP and Pi, energy neede to change conformation of myosin head,Ca2+ provides structure
39
Action potential
Transmission of electrical signals along length of motor neuros. Rapid re-distribution of ions across plasma membrane driven by concentration gradients which depolarizes the membrane
40
T tubules
enhance polarization signals
41
Axon
along plasma membrane where action potential can propagate
42
Axon terminals
form synapses with muscle fibers part of the same motor unit
43
excitable cells
with stimulus, series changes in electrical characteristics of membrane causes propagation of message beginning outside cell
44
Resting Potential
governed by Na+ and K+ gradients. high resting permeability to K+ and interior cell negative compared to K+
45
Depolarization
above threshold value, Na+ channels open. allows influx of Na+ temporary overshoot into interior positive state
46
Repolarization
voltage gated K+ channels open. allows influx of K+ and reestablish resting potential
47
Resting Membrane Potential
energy gradient dependent on relative concentration, permeability of the membrane, driven by ion pumps to create ion gradient
48
Ion channels
Membrane bound proteins that act as channel allow rapid movement of ions across excitable membranes
49
Ion channel gating
opening and closing of ion channel pore in response to electrical or chemical signal
50
selective permeability
each class of ion channel typically only accept one or several types of ions
51
Dihydropyridine receptor(DHPR)
resides in the sarcolemma. voltage-sensitive channel, allows slow influx of ca. Interacts and activates the RyR
52
Ryanodine Receptor(RyR)
Resides in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Opens directly by activated DHPR. Allows stored Ca+ from SR to sacroplasm to activate contraction
53
Motor Unit
motor neuron plus all muscle fibers to which it connects
54
Innervation ratio
fibers per neuron, vary based functional requirements of muscle
55
Increase # motor units
more motor units + greater force
56
rate of stumuli
summation of twitches. More frequency=greater force
57
Starting length of muscle fibers
near resting length = greatest force
58
Density/number of Filaments
Greater #=more crossbridges =more force

Exam 1 (4 decks)

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