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Anatomy > Skeletal Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Muscle tissue Functions

A

1- movement
2- posture
3- joint stability
4- Heat generation

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2
Q

Special characteristics of muscle tissue

A

1- Contractility
2- Excitability
3- Extensibility
4- Elasticity

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3
Q

The fibers of the muscle cells and skeletal tissue are the…

A

Muscle cells

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4
Q

What is responsible for muscle contraction?

A

Myofilaments

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5
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments?

A

Actin and myosin

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6
Q

Plasma membrane of the muscle cells

A

Sarcolemma

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7
Q

Cytoplasm of the muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasm

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8
Q

What specializes in the storage of calcium for the muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

Where are the capillaries in muscle?

A

Endomysium

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10
Q

What is a muscle attachment?

A

Muscle connects to the bone

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11
Q

Are the muscles origin and insertion on one bone?

A

No they usually connect from one bone to a different bone across a joint

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12
Q

Origin is…

A

The attachment of a muscle on the less movable bone

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13
Q

Insertion is..

A

The attachment on the more movable bone

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14
Q

biarticular or multijoint muscles

A

muscles that span two or more joints

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15
Q

aponeurosis

A

fibrous sheet that connects muscle to the body part it moves

cord-like tendon or flat sheet

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16
Q

What are bone markings?

A

Where the tendon meets the bone…

tubercles, trochanters, crests

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17
Q

Raphe

A

seam of fibrous tissue

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18
Q

How big are skeletal muscle fibers?

A

10-100 Micrometers

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19
Q

Where are nuclei of muscle cells?

A

Periphery of each fiber, just deep to sarcolemma

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20
Q

myofibrils

A

long rod shaped organelles that make the light and dark striations

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21
Q

What makes up more than 80% of the sarcoplasm?

A

myofibrils

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22
Q

Myofibrils in a fiber are separated by what in the sarcoplasm?

A

mitochondria and glycosomes

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23
Q

What is the long row of repeating segments in a myofibril?

A

Sarcomere

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24
Q

What is the smallest basic unit of contraction in the muscle?

A

Sarcomere

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25
sarcomere
smallest contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac the part between the two z discs myofilaments composed of contractile proteins
26
Z discs/lines
boundaries at each end of the sarcomere | junction points
27
What are the thin filaments?
Actin (appearance of double strand of pearls)
28
What are the thick filaments?
Myosin
29
What is actin made up of?
protein
30
What energy is used for muscle contraction?
ATP
31
Where is ATP released from?
The myosin heads
32
What are the dark band striations?
thick myosin filaments
33
A band
inner ends of thin filaments which overlap thick filaments inside of this is the h zone
34
H Zone
central part of A band where no THIN filaments reach thick filaments only
35
I Band
on both sides of the a band z disc runs through the center Thin filaments only
36
M line
tiny rods that hold thick filaments together by accessory proteins in the center of the H zone
37
Where are the dark bands found? | Light bands found?
Dark- A band | Light- I band
38
What are the two tubules in muscle contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum and t tubules
39
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum around myofibril | rich in calcium ions
40
terminal cisterns
the end sacs of form cross channels over junction between a and i bands
41
T tubules
invaginations of the sarcolemma that run between terminal cisterns
42
The t tubule and two terminal cisterns are called..
triad (group of three)
43
contraction where muscle shortens and does work
concentric contraction
44
when a muscle lengthens and uses it force (braking action)
eccentric contraction
45
Do thick and thin filaments shorten?
No the thin filament slides over the thick filament
46
The action of the myosin head of thick filaments attaching to thin and moving thin filaments towards the center is called
sliding filament mechanism
47
What zone disappears completely during contraction?
The H zone
48
Titin
Springs molecules that resist over stretching 1. Holds thick filaments in place and that maintains the a band 2. contributes to muscle elasticity. unsprings itself when stretched and springs back when unstreched
49
What happens when calcium is release from sarcoplasmic reticulum to triponin molecules?
The triptomysoin moves
50
What is a power stroke?
The myosin heads pull the actin inward
51
What molecules trigger the release from myosin heads from their attachment sites?
ATP
52
motor neurons
nerve cells that innervate muscle fibers
53
The point at which a nerve and fiber meet is called
neuromuscular junction or motor end plate
54
axon terminals
the cluster of enlargements at the end of axonal process
55
Where is the synaptic cleft in muscle fibers?
between axon terminals and sarcolemma
56
What chemical releases the impulse for fiber contraction?
acetycholine
57
What does the basal lamina have?
has the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which breaks down acetylcholine immediately after neurotransmitter signals a contraction
58
The addition of motor movements to complete a movement is called
recruitment
59
fibers the mostly produce ATP aerobically are called
oxidative fibers
60
fibers that make ATP without oxygen are called
glycolytic fibers because they use glycolysis
61
3 classes of muscle fibers
1. slow oxidative 2. fast glycolytic 3. fast oxidative
62
slow oxidative fibers
red because of lots of oxygen binding pigment myoglobin
63
fast glycolytic fibers
pale because of little myoglobin twice the diameter of SO fibers contract rapidly, tire quickly anaerobic
64
fast oxidative fibers
contract quickly and are oxygen dependent
65
What do muscle tissues develop from?
myoblasts
66
Steps of multinucleate muscle fiber
1- embryonic mesoderm undergoes cell division 2- myoblasts fuse to from myotube 3- myotube matures to skeletal muscle fiber

Anatomy (4 decks)

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