Skeletal / Muscular System

Question 1

Locomotion

Answer 1

active travel from place to place

Question 2

What does locomotion energy have to overcome?

Answer 2

friction and gravity

Question 3

Animal movement is the result of what collaboration

Answer 3

Collaboration between muscles and skeletal system to overcome friction and gravity

Question 4

What are the three types of skeletons

Answer 4

Hydrostatic skeletons
Exoskeletons
Endoskeletons

Question 5

What do Hydroskeletons consist of?

Answer 5

fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment

Question 6

What is a exoskeleton

Answer 6

rigid external skeleton

Question 7

What do endoskeletons consist of?

Answer 7

hard or leathery support elements situated among the soft tissue of animal

Question 8

What 2 skeleton do all vertebrate have?

Answer 8

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

Question 9

What are the 5 types of Bone?

Answer 9

Flat, Long, Sesamoid, Irregular, and short

Question 10

What covers the most of the outer surface of bone?

Answer 10

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 11

How do skeleton begin?

Answer 11

As a cartilage model

Question 12

What is Endochondral ossification

Answer 12

process of bone development from hyaline cartilage

Question 13

What is Periosteum

Answer 13

connective tissue on the outside of bone that acts as interface between bone, blood vessels, tendons, and ligaments

Question 14

What is a matrix when referencing bone?

Answer 14

bone containing living cells that secrete a surrounding material

Question 15

What does a Matrix (in reference to bone) consist of?

Answer 15

Flexible fibers of the protein collagen
calcium and phosphate

Question 16

What is the purpose of collagen in bones?

Answer 16

keeps bones flexible

Question 17

What is the purpose of crystal mineral made of calcium and phosphate

Answer 17

resists compression

Question 18

What is Trabecula

Answer 18

branching plates of bone forming irregular cavities

Question 19

True or False: Bone Lamellae (layers) are not organized?

Answer 19

False! They are very organized: run parallel to the lines of force and tension that pass through the bone

Question 20

What are the strong fibrous connective tissue that holds together bone of moveable joints?

Answer 20

Ligaments

Question 21

What do Osteocytes (mature bone cells) do?

Answer 21

they repair bones and shape bones throughout life

Question 22

What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 22

Osteoblasts -> bone forming cells
Osteoclasts -> bone-resorbing cells

Question 23

What are three things bone do besides support and movement?

Answer 23

Protection
Mineral and Growth Factor Storage
Blood Cell Formation

Question 24

What are the three types of muscles

Answer 24

Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac

Question 25

Of Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac muscle which is voluntary

Answer 25

Skeletal

Question 26

Muscles are composed of tubular cells called...

Answer 26

myocytes aka muscles fibers in striated muscle

Question 27

What are sacomeres

Answer 27

repeating groups of overlapping thick and thin filaments

Question 28

What are myofibrils?

Answer 28

contracting unit of a striated muscle cell

Question 29

Sarcomere contracts when its _____ filaments slide along its ______ filaments

Answer 29

thin (actin), thick (myosin)

Question 30

How does nerve cell signal need for muscle contraction work?

Answer 30

myosin in thick filaments attach to actin filaments pull towards center of sarcomere

Question 31

What is sacroplasmic reticulum?

Answer 31

Specialized endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells

Question 32

When do contractions stop?

Answer 32

When motor neurons stop sending action potentials to muscle fibers

Question 33

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 33

Muscle tension overcomes load and shorten

Question 34

What is Eccentric contraction

Answer 34

load is more than peak tension; muscles lengthen

Question 35

Concentric contraction and eccentric contraction are types of what?

Answer 35

Isotonic contraction

Question 36

Is there a change in length during isotonic contraction?n

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

Is there a change in length during isometric changing tension?

Answer 37

no they stay the same length

Question 38

What are slow-twitch fibers?

Answer 38

cycle myosin more slowly; constant slow contraction of ATP

Question 39

What are fast-twitch fibers?

Answer 39

cycle myosin faster and generate more power; ATP from fermentation