Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
how many bones does an adult human have
A
206 bones
2
Q
what does the body framework consist of
A
bone, cartilage, ligament, and joints
3
Q
function of skeletal system
A
- support
- movement
- blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
- protection of internal organs
- detoxification (removal of poisons)
- provision for muscle attachment
- mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
4
Q
what are the classifications of bones
A
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
5
Q
what does the typical long bone have
A
- irregular epiphysis at each end (spongy/ cancellous bone)
- shaft or diaphysis with compact bone
6
Q
what are the cells that form compact bone
A
- osteoblasts
- become fixed in dense bone = become osteocytes
7
Q
axial skeleton
A
- skull
- vertebral column
- 12 pairs of ribs
- sternum
- bones of middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes)
- hyoid bone in the neck
8
Q
what are the bones in the skull
A
- 2 nasal bones
- 2 maxillary bones
- 2 zygomatic bones
- 1 mandible (only movable)
- 2 palatine bones
- 1 vomer
- 2 lacrimal bones
- 2 inferior nasal conchae
9
Q
what are the bones in the cranium
A
- occipital
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- parietal
- temporal
- ossicles of ear
10
Q
bones in the vertebral column
A
- divided into 5 sections
- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 5 lumbar vertebrae
- 5 sacral vertebrae (fuse to form sacrum)
- coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone)
11
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
- girdle (clavicle and scapula)
- limbs
- pelvis
12
Q
upper portion in appendicular skeleton
A
- pectoral or shoulder girdle
- clavicle
- scapula
- upper extremity
13
Q
bones in arm
A
- humerus
- radius (thumb)
- ulna (pinky)
- carpals (wrist bones)
- metacarpals (hand)
- phalanges (fingers)
14
Q
lower portion of appendicular skeleton
A
- pelvic girlde OR os coxae
15
Q
bones of os coxae (pelvis)
A
- fused ilium
- ischium
- pubis
16
Q
bones of lower extremity (leg)
A
- femur (thigh)
- tibia
- fibula
- tarsal (ankle)
- metatarsals (bones of foot)
- phalanges
17
Q
tendons
A
- connect muscle to bone
18
Q
ligament
A
- connect bone to bone
19
Q
cartilage
A
- cushions ends of bones
20
Q
joints
A
- articulations
- 2 bones or more that meet and connect
21
Q
classification of joints
A
- immovable (skull)
- partly movable (spine)
- freely movable (hip)
22
Q
fibrous joint
A
- bound together by tough fibrous ligaments
- may be immovable or partly movable
23
Q
types of fibrous joint
A
- gomphosis
- suture
- syndesmosis
24
Q
gomphosis
A
- fibrous joint
- teeth in tooth sockets
25
suture
- fibrous joint
- skull bones
- serrate / lap / plan
26
syndesmosis
- fibrous joint
- long collagen fibers
- ex) joint between tibia and fibula
27
cartilaginous joint
- connected by cartilage that serves as a shock absorber
28
types of cartilaginous joint
- symphysis
| - synchondrosis
29
symphysis
- cartilaginous joint
- fibrocartilage
- ex) pubic bones
30
synchondrosis
- cartilaginous joint
- hyaline cartilage
- ex) vertebrae
31
synovial joint
- filled w synovial fluid
| - free movable
32
types of synovial joints
- 6 kinds
- ball-and-socket
- condylar (ellipsoid)
- saddle
- plane (gliding)
- hinge
- pivot
33
ball-and-socket joint
- synovial joint
- multiaxial
- ex) hip + shoulder
34
condylar (ellipsoid)
- synovial joint
- biaxial
- ex) radiocarpal / metacarpophalangeal
35
saddle
- synovial joint
- biaxial
- ex) thumb (base) / sternoclavicular
36
plane (gliding)
- synovial joint
- biaxial
- ex) wrist / ankle / vertebrae
37
hinge
- synovial joint
- monoaxial
- ex) elbow, knee, fingers, toes
38
pivot
- synovial joint
- monoaxial
- ex) radioulnar / C1 C2
39
sesamoid bones
- smooth bones that are embedded in muscles or tendons
| - forms tiny parts in wrist / hands / feet / kneecap
40
function of skeletal system
- structural support
- protection
- movement
- mineral storage
- blood cell production
41
bone marrow
- tissue inside bones
| - site of RBC production / phagocytes (WBC)
42
volkmann's canals
- channels in bones
| - contain blood vessels + nerves that connect bone to connective tissue
43
how does the skeletal system with the integumentary system
- by absorbing calcium in a process enhanced by vitamin D from skin
44
how does the skeletal system with the muscular system
- by following the contractions of muscles, allowing the body to move
45
how does the skeletal system with the nervous system
- by protecting spinal cord
46
how does the skeletal system with the circulatory system
- production of RBC and WBC in bone marrow
47
how does the skeletal system with the lymphatic system
- by producing T cells and B cells that fight pathogens
48
how does the skeletal system with the respiratory system
- by expanding and contracting to allow for the movement of air
49
how does the skeletal system with the digestive system
- by chewing food to start the process of digestion
