Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What does axial skeleton refer to?

A

Skull bones, rib cage, and vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does appendicular skeleton refer to?

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some places where hyaline cartilages are found?

A

Nasal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage of Humeral Head, Costal Cartilage of Ribs, Femoral Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name some places where Elastic Cartilages are found?

A

External Ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name some places where fibrocartilages are found.

A

Meniscus of the Patella, Pubic Symphysis, Cartilage in Intervertebral Disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 6 functions of the bones.

A

Support, Protection, Mineral Storage, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Hormone Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact (dense) & Spongey (cancellous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the compact bone tissue found internally or externally?

A

External

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is the spongey bone tissue found internally or externally?

A

Internally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the small needle like prick structures within spongey bone tissue called?

A

Trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Long bones are ________ than they are _________.

A

longer; wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a long bone have?

a) a cube like structure
b) a strange shape
c) a shaft & two ends
d) a shaft & an end with a process

A

C) a shaft & two ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Long bones consist of all limb bones except:

A

patellas, carpals, & tarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sesamoid bones are a type of which bone?

A

Short Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are cube shaped bones known as?

A

Short Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are short bones typically found?

A

Wrist & Ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do sesamoid bones typically form?

A

Within tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the purpose of sesamoid bones?

A

To reinforce and descrease stress of the tendon?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are flat bones?

A

They are thin, flat, with a bit of a curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give an example of a flat bone.

A

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Bones with complicated shapes that do not fit in with other classifications of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bone classification does vertebrae belong to?

A

Irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Long bones have a _________ & ___________.

A

Diaphysis & Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of bone marrow is found in the long bone?
Yellow bone marrow
26
What type of cartilage is found on the ends of long bones?
Articular Cartilage
27
Epiphysis is found at the ______ of long bones.
end
28
What is articular cartilage also known as?
Hyaline Cartilage
29
What is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis?
Epiphysial Line
30
What is the epiphyseal plate?
This is hyaline cartilage that grows to lengthen bones
31
What is the double-layered protective membrane of the entire long bone, minus the surfaces of the joint?
Periosteum
32
What secures the periosteum to the bone?
Sharpey's Fibers
33
What is the outer dense irregular connective tissue?
Fibrous Layer
34
What is the inner layer of the periosteum that is composed of osteoblasts and osteocytes?
Osteogenic Layer
35
What is the delicate tissue membrane that surrounds the internal surfaces of the bone?
Endosteum
36
Endosteum contains _______ & __________.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
37
What is hematopoieisis?
This is the formation of blood cellular components
38
Where is bone marrow found?
Medullary cavity
39
Where can red bone marrow be found in adults?
Sternum, Hip Bones, Skull, Ribs, Vertebrae, Shoulder Blades, & the epiphyseal area of some long bones
40
What does yellow bone marrow do?
It stores fat
41
What is the function of red bone marrow?
To produce blood cells, which is hematopoiesis
42
Bone is riddled with microscopic passageways, true or false
True, they serve as a conduit for nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
43
Compact bone is replaced every ____ year(s) in an adult.
10
44
Compact bone follows the : a) lamella system b) haversian system c) tubing system
B) Haversian System
45
What are lamella?
These are weight bearing, column like tubes mainly made of collagen
46
What is the main canal system of your bones?
Haversian Canal System, it contains your blood vessels and nerves
47
What are perforating volksmann canals
These are channels that intersect with the central canals and they connect the nerves and blood vessels to the periosteum
48
What are the longest living bone cells?
Osteocytes
49
What is the structure that connects lacunae together?
Canaliculi
50
When looking at the bone tissue under a microscope, what is the big black dot in the middle called?
Haversian Canal
51
What are spider shaped, mature bone cells called?
Osteocytes
52
What are osteoblasts?
These are bone forming cells which secrete osteoid
53
What are mitotically active stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and bone lining cells?
Osteogenic Cells
54
What are bone destroying cells that break down the bone matrix called?
Osteoclasts
55
Osteoblasts make a new bone matrix, when they are finished creating this, what is it called?
Osteocytes
56
What shuts down osteoclasts from destroying bone?
Calcitonin
57
Osteiod is an ____________ bone matrix that is composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, & collagen fibers
unnmineralized
58
What is ossification also known as?
Osteogenesis
59
Bone growth begins to slow at what point in a persons life?
Puberty
60
What is ossification/osteogenesis?
This is the formation of new bone tissue
61
When does osteogenesis/ossification begin in a fetus?
At about 8 weeks
62
Ossification is mainly used as remodeling and repair in adults, true or false.
True
63
What are the two methods of bone formation?
Intramembranous & Endochondral
64
What does apposition mean?
Growth in diameter
65
Name the 8 types of fractures.
Simple, Compound, Comminuted, Compression, Depressed, Impacted, Spiral, Greenstick
66
What are bone breaks classified as?
position, completeness, & penetration
67
What does a nondisplaced fracture mean?
This means that both ends of the bone remain in their normal position
68
What does a displaced fracture mean?
This means that the ends of the bone are out of normal position
69
What does a complete break mean?
This means that the bone has broken all the way through
70
What does an incomplete break look like?
A bone that is not fully broken all the way through
71
What does a compound fracture mean?
Bone ends penetrate the skin
72
What does a simple fracture look like?
The fracture is closed, no penetration involved
73
What is a comminuted fracture?
This is where the bone fragments into three or more pieces
74
What is a spiral break?
This is a ragged break that is excessively twisted
75
What is a depressed fracture?
A portion of the broken bone is pressed inwards
76
What is a compressed fracture?
The bone is crushed and often happens in more porous bones
77
Impacted Fracture
Broken bone ends are forced onto one another
78
What is a greenstick fracture?
This is an incomplete fracture that one side of the bone breaks and the other one bends
79
Describe the 5 stages of Endochondral Ossification.
1.) Formation of the bone collar around hyaline cartilage 2.) The medullary cavity begins to form inside the cartilage 3.) The periosteum begins to bud while the spongey bone begins to form 4.) The medullary cavity is continuing to form, a secondary ossification center forms (on the ends of the bone) 5.) The epiphysis begins to grow, when this growth is complete, the hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages
80
What secretes bone matrix on external bone?
Osteoblasts
81
What removes bone on an endosteal surface?
Osteoclasts
82
Do hormones have anything to do with bone growth?
Yes
83
What is the most important stimulus of the epiphyseal plate?
Growth Hormones
84
Where are growth hormones released at?
The anterior pituitary gland
85
What hormones modulate the activity of growth hormones?
Thyroid Hormones
86
What does hyposecretion of growth hormones produce?
Dwarfism
87
What does hypersecretion of growth hormones induce?
Gigantism
88
Sex Hormones initially promote adolescent growth spurts, true or false.
True
89
What is essential for mineralization of bone?
Alkaline Phosophate
90
Bone resorption is accomplished by _____________
Osteocytes
91
Bones gain more Ca+ than they lose until they turn what age
35
92
What is the peak of skeletal strength?
35 years old

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions