Skeletal system

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage of minerals, Blood production

Question 2

What is the shape / structure of a flat bone?

Answer 2

Strong, flat plates of bones attached to muscles

Question 3

What is the shape / structure of a Long bone?

Answer 3

Longer in length than width

Question 4

What is the shape / structure of a Short bone?

Answer 4

Equal dimension in length and width

Question 5

What is the shape / structure of a Sesamoid bone?

Answer 5

Usually short, irregular bones embedded into a tendon

Question 6

What is the shape / structure of an Irregular bone?

Answer 6

Odd shaped

Question 7

What is the function of a Long bone?

Answer 7

Acts as a lever, aids in locomotion and support

Question 8

What is the function of a Short bone?

Answer 8

Absorbs impact

Question 9

What is the function of a Flat bone?

Answer 9

Protects organs, muscles attach to them

Question 10

What is the function of a Sesamoid bone?

Answer 10

Reduces friction

Question 11

What is the function of an Irregular bone?

Answer 11

Protection, support, acts as an anchor point

Question 12

What is the epidermis?

Answer 12

The waterproof outer layer that protects the body. It is elastic and gives skin its colour

Question 13

What is the Dermis?

Answer 13

The middle layer of the skin, contains hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels, and glands. it also helps to regulate body temperature

Question 14

What is the subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis)?

Answer 14

Made of connective tissue, contains a high amount of fat to provide insulation

Question 15

What are the full names of the exocrine glands in the skin?

Answer 15

Sebaceous oil glands, Eccrine sweat glands, Ceruminous glands (secretes wax within the ear canal)

Question 16

What is hair and rhino horns made of?

Answer 16

Keratin

Question 17

What is Downy hair?

Answer 17

soft, fine, densely packed hair that creates an undercoat

Question 18

What is Guard hair?

Answer 18

thick, long, stiffer hairs that create a protective outer coat, they are surrounded by 6 - 12 downy hairs

Question 19

What is tactile hair?

Answer 19

thicker hairs that extend further beyond the coat, their follicles are surrounded by nerves

Question 20

What is an example of a tactile hair in animals?

Answer 20

Whiskers

Question 21

What is the difference between Antlers and Horns

Answer 21

Antlers are made of bone with a velvety coating. Horns are a hollow keratin cone

Question 22

What is the structure of claws and hooves?

Answer 22

They are made of a section of the dermis that is covered with a layer of keratinised epithelium

Question 23

What type of keratin are feathers made of?

Answer 23

Beta keratin (only found in birds and reptiles)

Question 24

What is the structure and function of a flight feather?

Answer 24

Located on the wing of the bird, a large feather with no gaps between the barbs, has a slight curve

Question 25

What is the structure and function of a down feather?

Answer 25

soft and fluffy, used for insulation

Question 26

What is the structure and function of a semiplume feather?

Answer 26

found beneath the contour feathers, used for insulation

Question 27

What is the structure and function of a contour feather?

Answer 27

gives the bird its shape and colour, helps to insulate the bird

Question 28

What is the structure and function of a bristle feather?

Answer 28

found around the eyes mouth of insectivores, protects the eyes and mouth from dust and foreign objects

Question 29

What is the structure and function of a filoplume feather?

Answer 29

very small, attached to nerve endings, send information about alignment

Question 30

What is the type of keratin found in mammalian hair, nails, claws and horns?

Answer 30

Alpha keratin

Question 31

State one adaptation of a rabbit's skeleton that helps it to hop

Answer 31

longer hind limbs curved / flexible spine shorter forelimbs

Question 32

Define haematopoisis

Answer 32

The production of blood within the bone marrow

Question 33

Name the bones that make up the Axial skeleton

Answer 33

Skull, Mandible, Rib cage

Question 34

Name 5 of the bones that make up the Appendicular skeleton

Answer 34

femur, ulna, tarsals / carpals, radius, tibia, humerus, metacarpals / metatarsals, scapula, fibula

Question 35

what are the 5 Vertebral column sections?

Answer 35

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Caudal

Question 36

What is the general structure of feathers

Answer 36

Made up of a hollow shaft called a calamus, downy barbs, afterfeather, vane, rachis, barbs, barbules, and hooklets

Question 37

What are the 7 components of the integumentary system?

Answer 37

Hair, Skin, Glands, Claws / nails, Horns and antlers, Feathers, Scales

Question 38

What are the 6 methods of locomotion

Answer 38

Running, Climbing, Swimming, Hopping / Leaping, Powered flight, Gliding

Question 39

What is a joint?

Answer 39

The point at which bones meet, allows movement

Question 40

What is a Tendon?

Answer 40

Attaches muscle to bone, enables movement

Question 41

What is a Ligament?

Answer 41

Connects bones together and stabilizes the joint

Question 42

What is a Muscle?

Answer 42

Function is to produce force and motion

Question 43

What is Cartilage?

Answer 43

Maintains joint motion / reduces friction and cushions bones against impact

Question 44

Name the 3 types of Joint

Answer 44

Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, Synovial joints

Question 45

What are Fibrous Joints?

Answer 45

joints fixed by various connective tissues that allow no movement, includes bones like the skull

Question 46

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 46

joints held together by cartilage and allow slight movement, for example the ribs and spinal column

Question 47

What are Synovial Joints?

Answer 47

joints that allow a wide range of movement, for example the knees and fingers

Question 48

What is an example of a hinge joint?

Answer 48

Elbows, knees

Question 49

What is an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 49

top of the neck (Atlas, Axis), cervical vertebrae

Question 50

What is an example of a ball and socket joint

Answer 50

Wrists, ankles, shoulder, hips

Question 51

What is an example of a gliding joint?

Answer 51

Kneecaps, intercarpal joints

Question 52

What is an example of a condyloid joint?

Answer 52

Phalanges (fingers), wrists

Question 53

What is an example of a saddle joint?

Answer 53

Thumb