Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the skeleton?

A
  1. Hematopoiesis
  2. Protection
  3. Support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain how the 3 primary functions of the skeleton works.

A

Hematopoiesis - production of red blood cells
Protection - provides a barrier of protection from external forces
Support - provides solid axis for muscles to act against, creating motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 5 different bone types.

A
  1. Flat Bone
  2. Irregular Bone
  3. Long Bone
  4. Short Bone
  5. Sesamoid Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A

The skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

The vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

The femur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an example of a short bone?

A

The tarsus(ankle).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

The patella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the layers of the bone?

A

Compact, spongy, and medullary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the compact layer in the bone?

A

Tightly packed tissues on the walls of diaphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the spongy layer in the bone?

A

Thin layers of compact bones in the epiphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the medullary layer in the bone?

A

A tube with a hollow chamber containing bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the diaphysis and epiphysis on the long bone?

A

Epiphysis - end of long bones (the knobs)
Diaphysis - middle section of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

A membrane of blood vessels/nerves that wrap around the bones, providing blood and a sense of feeling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 3 attributes of the short bone?

A

Provides strength, compactness, and limited movement where desired.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are 2 short bone located in the body?

A

Tarsus(ankle) & Carpus(wrist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name 2 flat bones in the body.

A

Skull & Scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are our rib cages not a continuous flat bone? (2 reasons)

A
  1. Between our ribs are muscles (diaphragm) that help us breathe.
  2. Would limit movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fetal skeletons begin mostly as ________ and they ________ into utero.

A

Cartilage & Calcify

20
Q

What are fontanels? Why are they there? How do they go away?

A

Soft spots that appear at birth because their skulls are not fully developed/merged. When older, soft spots will disappear as skull merges together to become one.

21
Q

Name the 3 types of force/stress that our bones are strong enough to withstand.

A
  1. Tensile
  2. Compressional
  3. Torsional
22
Q

Give an example of tensile force.

A

Hanging from a pullup bar, gravity pulls down causing tension in spine.

23
Q

Give an example of compressional force.

A

Running, force exerted on the shoe by the foot.

24
Q

Give an example of torsional force.

A

Turning body side to side, spine is twisting.

25
Q

What are 3 factors contributing to bone growth?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Physical Exercise
  3. Sunlight
26
Q

How does nutrition contribute to bone growth? Give an example.

A

Allows osteoblasts (formation of bones) to take place.
Example: Calcium
Consumption of calcium allows osteoblast to take place and without it, osteoclasts (breaking down of bone) would occur.

27
Q

How does physical exercise contribute to bone growth? Give an example.

A

Increases bone density/strength.
Example: Jump Roping/Running

28
Q

How does sunlight contribute to bone growth? Give an example.

A

Provides a specific nutrients that allows osteoblast to occur.
Example: Vitamin D
Helps body absorb calcium.

29
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Cells that form bones.

30
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that break down/destroy bones.

31
Q

What are 2 differences between a simple fracture and a compound fracture?

A

Simple Fracture - does not protrude & not prone to infections
Compound Fracture - does protrudes & prone to infections

32
Q

What is hematoma?

A

The rupture of blood vessels.

33
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton called?

A

Axial & Appendicular

34
Q

What 3 components is the axial skeleton composed of?

A
  1. Skull
  2. Spinal Column
  3. Rib Cage
35
Q

What is the main purpose of the axial skeleton?

A

To support and protect vital organs.

36
Q

What are 3 bones found in the appendicular skeleton?

A

The femur, clavicle, and pelvis.

37
Q

What is the foramen magnum and what is its evolutionary process?

A

A large hole allowing the spinal cord to meet the brain.

38
Q

The spinal column is composed of the ________ and ________ which surround and protect our ________ _________.

A

Vertebrae, Discs, and Spinal Cord.

39
Q

The discs between our vertebrae serve as shock absorbers, they can become ________ which would result in a bone-on-bone contact. They can also become bulged, or _________, where they protrude and put pressure on nerve roots.

A

Dry & Herniated(slipped)

40
Q

We have 12 pairs of ribs. The first 7 pairs are known as ________ ribs because they attach directly to the ________. The last 5 pairs are known as ________ ribs because there is indirect attachment to the sternum. The last 2 ribs are unique because they are ________ and have no sternal attachment.

A

True, sternum, false, and floating.

41
Q

Our ribs connect to our thoracic vertebrae on the posterior/anterior end and most of them connect on the posterior/anterior end at the sternum.

A

Posterior & Anterior

42
Q

The spinal column has 4 main divisions. What are they in order from superior to inferior end?

A

Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, and Pelvic.

43
Q

The spinal column attaches to the ________ at the superior end and the ________ at the inferior end.

A

Brain & Pelvis

44
Q

The coccyx is formed from the _______ of 3 vertebrae.

A

Fusion

45
Q

Our tailbone is ________. Meaning it is a remnant from our evolutionary past, indicative of our primate lineage but not longer serves a functional purpose.

A

Vestigial

46
Q

Our spine has a natural curvature to it. This natural curvature can become altered. Scoliosis is when the spine exhibits ________ curvature. Lordosis exhibits ________ curvature, and Kyphosis exhibits ________ curvature. (Anatomical Terms)

A

Lateral, Lumbar, and apex towards posterior.

Anatomy Physiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions