SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

(72 cards)

1
Q
  • Produce movement of the skeleton
  • a.k.a Voluntary Muscles
  • Made up of striped fibers
A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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2
Q

Attachment

attachment that moves the least

A

ORIGIN

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3
Q

ATTACHMENT

attachment that moves the most

A

INSERTION

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4
Q

fleshy part of a muscle

A

BELLY

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5
Q

cords of fibrous tissue attaching the ends of a muscle to bones, cartilages or ligaments

A

TENDON

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6
Q

thin but strong sheet of fibrous tissues where flattened muscles are attached

A

APONEUROSIS

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7
Q

interdigitations of the tendinous ends of fibers of flat muscles

A

RAPHE

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8
Q

Run obliquely to line of pull; more fibers, more powerful

A

(PENNATE)

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9
Q
  • The tendon lies along one side of the muscle and the muscle fibers pass obliquely to it
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
A

UNIPENNATE

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10
Q
  • the tendon lies in the center of the muscle and the muscle fibers pass to it from two sides
  • Rectus femoris
A

BIPENNATE

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11
Q
  • may be arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying alongside one another
  • acromial fibers of the deltoid or may have the tendon lying within its center and the muscle fibers passing to it from all sides, converging as they go
  • tibialis anterior
A

MULTIPENNATE

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12
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTION

when it is the chief
muscle or member of a chief group of muscles responsible for a particular movement

A

PRIME MOVER

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13
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTION

Any muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover is an?

A

ANTAGONIST

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14
Q

contracts isometrically to stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that it can act efficiently

A

FIXATOR

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15
Q
  • prevent unwanted movements in an intermediate joint
  • stabilizes intermediate joints
A

SYNERGIST

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16
Q

Nerve Supply of Skeletal Muscle

A
  • 60% motor
  • 40% sensory
  • Some sympathetic autonomic fibers
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17
Q

place of entrance; nerve enters the muscle at about the midpoint on its deep surface, often near the margin

A

MOTOR POINT

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18
Q

consists of long, spindle-shaped cells closely arranged in bundles or sheets

A

SMOOTH MUSCLES

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19
Q

Contracts by local stretching of the fibers, by nerve impulses from autonomic nerves, or by hormonal stimulation.

A

PERISTALSIS

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20
Q
  • striated muscle fibers that branch and unite with each other
  • forms the myocardium of the heart
  • Supplied by autonomic nerve fibers
A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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21
Q
  • Living tissue
  • Consists of cells, fibers and matrix
  • Protective function (skull, VC; sternum, ribs)
  • Lever and storage of calcium salts
A

BONE

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22
Q

FORMS OF BONE

Appears as solid mass

A

COMPACT

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23
Q

FORM OF BONES

oConsists of branching network of trabeculae
A.K.A Spongy Bone

A

CANCELLOUS

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24
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

A
  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Sesamoid bones
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25
* Length is greater than breadth * the bone that functions for large movements
LONG BONES
26
It is the tubular shaft of the bone
DIAPHYSIS
27
The tip/ end of a bone
EPIPHYSIS
27
The growing phase where the Diaphysis and Epiphyis seperates
**EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE**
28
Part of diaphysis that is adjacent to the epiphyseal cartliage
METAPHYSIS
28
Containing bone-marrow
MARROW CAVITY
28
Examples of Long Bones
* HUMERUS * FEMUR
29
* Roughly cuboidal in shape * Found in bones of the hand and foot * For small movements
SHORT BONES
29
Example of Short Bones
* SCAPHOID * LUNATE * TALUS * CALCANEUM
30
* Composed of thin inner and outer layers of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone * Composed of thin tables separated by the diploe * Found in the vault of the skull (frontal, parietal)
FLAT BONES
31
Bones that are not assigned to the previous groups
IRREGULAR BONES
32
Example of Flat Bone
Scapulae
33
Example of Irregular Bones
Bones of the skull, vertebrae and pelvic bones
34
Small nodules of bone that are found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surfaces
SESAMOID BONES
35
reduce friction on a tendon
SESAMOID BONE
36
Largest Sesamoid Bone
PATELLA
37
a cord or band of connective tissue uniting two structures
LIGAMENTS
38
dense bundles of collagen fibers
UNSTRETCHABLE LIGAMENTS
39
Example of Unstretchable Ligaments
* iliofemoral ligament of hip * collateral ligaments of elbow
40
Ligament that regain original length after stretching
ELASTIC TISSUE
40
Example of Elastic Tissue
* ligamentum flavum * calcaneonavicular ligament
41
42
43
Form of connective tissue in which the cells and fibers are embedded in a gel-like matrix
CARTILAGE
43
* tubular bursa that surrounds a tendon * occur where tendons pass under ligaments and retinacula and through Osseo fibrous tunnels * reduce friction between the tendon and its surrounding structures.
SYNOVIAL SHEATH
44
* lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a delicate smooth membrane * found wherever tendons rub against bones, ligaments, or other tendons * Commonly found **close to joints**
BURSA
45
fibrous membrane covering the cartilage
PERICHONDRIUM
46
high proportion of amorphous matrix; great resistance to wear and tear; incapable of repair when fractured
HYALINE CARTILAGE
47
has many collagen fibers embedded in a small amount of matrix (on discs of Temporomandibular jt, Sternoclavicular jt, knee jt); repairs itself except joint discs
FIBROCARTILAGE
48
large numbers of elastic fibers embedded in matrix; flexible; repairs itself; auricle of the ear, EAM, auditory tube, epiglottis
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
49
A site where two or more bones come together, whether or not movement occurs between them
JOINTS
50
Classification of joints
* Fibrous joints * Cartilaginous joints * Synovial joints
51
The articulating surfaces of the bones are joined by fibrous tissues, and thus very little movement is possible (skull, inferior Tibiofibular jt)
FIBROUS JOINTS
52
bones are united by a plate or a bar of hyaline cartilage (no movement possible; 1st rib and manubrium sterni)
PRIMARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINT
53
Resemble Horsetail Root of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve
CAUDA EQUINA
54
bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage and the articular of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage (bet. Vertebral bodies and symphysis pubis)
SECONDARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINT
55
articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage separated by a joint cavity
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
56
viscous surfaces where articular surfaces are lubricated
SYNOVIAL FLUID
56
cavity of the joint lined by ___________, which extends from the margins of one articular surface to those of the other
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
57
Classifications of Synovial Joints
* Plane joints * Hinge joints * Pivot joints * Condyloid joints * Ellipsoid joints * Saddle joints * Ball-and-socket joints
58
the apposed articular surfaces are flat or almost flat, and this permits the bones to slide on one another (**AcromioClavicular, SternoClavicular joint**)
PLANE JOINTS
59
resemble the hinge on a door, so that flexion and extension movements are possible (elbow, knee, ankle)
HINGE JOINTS/ GINGLYMUS JOINTS
60
a central bony pivot is surrounded by a bony–ligamentous ring, and rotation is the only movement possible. (Atlantoaxial joint, superior RadioUlnar jt)
PIVOT JOINTS
61
* Have two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces. * The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are possible together with a small amount of rotation. (**MCP/knuckle joint**)
CONDYLOID JOINTS
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* elliptical convex articular surface fits into an elliptical concave articular surface. * The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction can take place, but rotation is impossible (**wrist jt**).
ELLIPSOID JOINTS
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* the articular surfaces are reciprocally concavoconvex and resemble a saddle on a horse’s back. * These joints permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation (**Carpometacarpal of thumb**)
SADDLE JOINTS
63
* a ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a socket like concavity of another. * This arrangement permits free movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction (**shoulder and hip joint**)
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS
64
Stability of Joints
* The shape, size, and arrangement of articular surfaces * The ligaments * The tone of the muscles around joint