SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
major supporting tissue of the body can bear weight due to rigidity. I strength.
SUPPORT
: BONES
provide firm yet flexible support within the nose, external ear, thoracic cage, trachea. Not as rigid as bone rather they’ve firm yet flexible.
main air passage -trachea
active rib cage- thoracic cage
(whitish area)- cartilagenous part
SUPPORT
- CARTILAGES
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach and hold bones together.
-Joints/ connects bones, bone to bone
SUPPORT
-LIGAMENTS
hard, rigid structure that enclosed the organs ; surround Such as the skull (brain), vertebrae (spinal cord) f rib cage (heart, lungs, other organs of thorax)
PROTECTION
-BONES
Strong bands of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones allow movement of appendages.
attach muscle to bones, muscle to bones;
→ contracts muscle-shortens bending of arm.
- contract triceps -Lengthen
MOVEMENTS
-TENDONS
2 or more bones come together allow movements between bones, can’t bend if there’s no articulation.
-Point of meeting/contact- tinabuan.
thumb - 1 joint; 2 bones
Index finger - 2 joints; 3 bones
MOVEMENTS
-Joint/Articulation
allow restricted movement between bones.
connective tissue;
keep them on place
Movement
Ligaments
Minerals in the blood that are stored in the bones.
STORAGE
Calcium and Phosphorus
stored in bone cavities such as yellow bone marrow.
red bone marrow - found on the tip of the bone.
STORAGE
Adipose Tissue
contained at the cavities of the epiphysis produce blood cells and platelets thru Hematopoiesis.
Blood Cells Production
process of production of blood cells.
Hematopoiesis
ends of the long bone / enlarge widen parts of each tip or end.
Found red bone marrow.
Epiphysis
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS
Outer osteocytes
tuogh, ropelike protein; present in bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage.
Collagen
Under sa extracellular matrix components
large molecules consisting of polysaccharides attached to core proteins that can attract & retain large amounts of water between their polysaccharide; makes cartilage smooth & resilient &excellent shock absorber.
Resilient means flexible or back to original shape.
Proteoglycan
Under sa extracellular matrix components
Proteo means( ) glycan means ( )
Protein
Carbohydrates or glucose
calcium and phosphate; present in bones in the form of calcium phosphate crystal called hydroxyapatite giving (compresion) weight-bearing strength.
MINERALS
umder sa extracellular matrix components
form of calcium phosphate crystal called
Hydroxyapatite
CATEGORIES OF BONES BASED ON SHAPE
-Long bones
-Short bones
-Flat bones
- Irregular bones
longer than they are wide’, bones of the upper & lower limbs.
There’s epiphysis to consider
longer that its width; length more than width.
ex. limbs, femur
-ribs not
Long bones
INFO
toddler around 300 bones: Adult 206 bones— joint together - decreased no. of bones.
as wide as they’re long”, bones of wrist and ankle.
-width almost the same as height
Ex-
Carpals- 16 bones - 2 hands (8 per hand) → Under sa wrist.
Tarsal- 7 per foot (total 14) -> under sa ankle.
SHORT BONES
relatively thin, flattened shape; some skull bones, ribs, scapulae, sternum
FLAT BONES
vertebrae & facial bones.
↓
entire spinal cord
-no definite shape; EX. sikag ka isda, cheek bones”zygomatic bone”
lower Jaw bone (‘mandible”),
Upper jaw (maxilla”).
IRREGULAR BONES
