Skeletal system

Question 1

extra bones

Answer 1

10% of adults have extra vertebra (L6) (no discomfort)
-0.5-1% have an extra pair of ribs (can cause discomfort) called cervical ribs
-extra bones in skull called wormian (vor, me , in) or intra-sutural bones

Question 1

Human skeleton

Answer 1

-babies bone 300-305 >extra fuse together
-adults have 206
-half of bones are found in wrist, hand. ankles and feet
-sacrum coccyx and cranial fuse into 1
-humerus bones fully fuse into 1 around puberty
-clavicle doesn’t form until mid 20’s, xiphoid process of sternum, hardens until 40 years

Question 2

Wormian

Answer 2

-named for old worm professor of anatomy
-usually occur at the lambdoid suture > connects parietal with occipital
-also called inca bone (pervvian skeletons have high % if this)

Question 3

2 parts of skeleton

Answer 3

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 4

axial bones

Answer 4

80 total
26 vertebral colum
-7 cranial
-14 facial
-24 ribs
-6 auditory (2 sets of malleus, incus and stapes)
-1 sternum
-1 hyoid

Question 5

appendicular bones

Answer 5

126 total
-60 upper extremity
2 scapulas
-2 clavicles
-62 lower extremity (includes plevic bones)

Question 6

smallest and largest bones

Answer 6

s- stapes
l-femur

Question 7

function of skeleton system

Answer 7

-protection
-store house for essential minerals
-site of blood cell production
-storage of energy
-assists in movement
-framework

Question 8

protection-function of skeleton system

Answer 8

protects vital organs, brain and spinal cord

Question 9

store house function of skeleton system

Answer 9

-bone tissue store minerals like Ca and P
-bones makes blood

Question 10

blood production function of skeleton system

Answer 10

red bone marrow >product blood cells (red, white platelets) called hematopoiesis

Question 11

energy function of skeleton system

Answer 11

lipids store in yellow bone marrow

Question 12

movement function of skeleton system

Answer 12

skeletal muscle attach to bones > muscles contract, bones pull closer together

Question 13

framework function of skeleton system

Answer 13

-support for soft tissue
-give shape

Question 14

homeostasis

Answer 14

balance

Question 15

types of bones

Answer 15

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 16

long bones

Answer 16

-tubular + hollow
-slight curve so body absorbs weight for stress to be evenly distributed
-good with a lot of stress + great for weight bearing
-femur, humerus, phalanges

Question 17

short bones

Answer 17

-composed of spongy tissue with thin hard surface
-round or cubed shape
-large amounts of movement (wrist and ankles) + act as shock absorbtion
-carpals + tarsals

Question 18

flat bones

Answer 18

-extensive protect + area for muscle attachment
-most red blood cell forms
-scapula, sternum, ribs, clavicle, ilium, frontal, mandible

Question 19

irregular bones

Answer 19

-unique purposes
-complex shapes
-offers protection of nervous tissues (vert protects spine) muscle attachment + support
-hyoid bones support root of tongue
vertebrae, zygomatic, coccyx

Question 20

sesamoid bones

Answer 20

-enveloped with a tendon
-act to protect tendon + increase its mechanical effect
- patella > babies born with a soft patella and hardens at 3-5y
patella, pisiform bone (contained within flex or carpi ulnaris tendon)

Question 21

foramen

Answer 21

hole in bone for nerves or blood vessels

Question 22

process

Answer 22

bone that sticks out

Question 23

difference between xy and xx coccyx

Answer 23

male’s coccyx points anteriorly
female’s inferiorly

Question 24

epidural

Answer 24

an anesthetic agent that acts on sacrum + coccygeal nerves
-given at the posterior of sacrum
-for child birth

Question 25

fossa

Answer 25

depression in bone