Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Skeletal system includes?
A
bones, cartilage,
ligaments, connective tissues
2
Q
Five Primary Functions of the Skeletal System
A
- Support
- Storage of Minerals (calcium) and Lipids (yellow
marrow) - Blood Cell Production (red marrow)
- Protection
- Leverage (force of motion)
3
Q
Bones are classified by:
A
- Shape
- Internal tissue organization
4
Q
Six Bone Shapes
A
- Sutural bones
- Irregular bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Long bones
- Sesamoid bones
5
Q
- Small, irregular bones
- Found between the flat
bones of the skull - Variable in number and
size
A
Sutural Bones
6
Q
- Have complex shapes
- Examples: pelvic bones,
vertebrae, sphenoid, zygomatic bone
A
Irregular Bones
7
Q
- Small and thick
- Examples: ankle and wrist
bones
A
Short Bones
8
Q
- Thin with parallel surfaces
- Found in the skull,
sternum, ribs, and
scapulae
A
Flat Bones
9
Q
- Long and thin
- Found in arms, legs, hands,
feet, fingers, and toes
A
Long Bones
10
Q
- Small and flat
- Develop inside muscles or
tendons near joints of
knees, hands, and feet - Patella (kneecap)
A
Sesamoid Bones
11
Q
give an example of long bone
A
Limbs
humerus, radius, ulna, phalanges, femur, tibia, ulna
12
Q
give an example of short bones
A
wrist and ankle
carpals and tarsals
13
Q
give an example of irregular bones
A
pelvic bones, sphenoid, zygomatic bone
14
Q
give an example of flat bones
A
skull, ribs, parietal, frontal, sternum , scapulae
15
Q
give an example of sesamoid bone
A
patella
16
Q
Structure of a Long Bone
A
diaphysis
epiphysis
metaphysis
17
Q
-The shaft (middle section)
- A heavy wall of compact bone
-A central space called medullary (marrow)
cavity
A
diaphysis
18
Q
- Wide part at each end
- Articulation with other bones
- Mostly spongy (cancellous) bone
- Covered with compact bone (cortex)
A
Epiphysis
19
Q
- Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet
A
Metaphysis
20
Q
A central space of a long bone in a diaphysis
A
medullary (marrow)
cavity
21
Q
Structure of a Flat Bone
A
- Resembles a sandwich of spongy bone between
two layers of compact bone - Spongy bone: Diploë
-Compact bone: Cortex - Spongy bone contains red
bone marrow in spaces
between bone meshwork
22
Q
two layers of compact bone in flat bone
* Spongy bone: Diploë
* Compact bone: Cortex
A
- Spongy bone: Diploë
- Compact bone: Cortex
23
Q
spongy bone=
A
diploe
24
Q
compact bone
A
cortex
25
Spongy bone contains ------ in spaces
between bone meshwork
red bone marrow
26
External surface of bones covered by
Periosteum
27
External surface of bones covered by Periosteum
* Except at ___________
the ends that are enclosed in joint capsule
28
bone is a ______tissue
connective
29
Bone is a connective tissue
which is made of
* Dense matrix
-2/3 Calcium salt
(Hydroxyapatite)
- 1/3 Collagen
* Osteocytes
(mature bone cells)
within lacunae
30
dense matrix is made of
* 2/3 Calcium salt
(Hydroxyapatite)
* 1/3 Collagen
31
Bone contains four types of cells which are
Osteocytes,
Osteoblasts,
Osteoprogenitor cells, Osteoclasts
32
Bone Cells make up only ---% of bone mass
2%
33
are mature bone cell in lacunae that maintains the bone matrix
does BOTH
BREAKING & REBUILDING!!
Osteocytes
34
2 major functions of osteocytes
1. To maintain surrounding protein matrix
2. To help repair damaged bone
- Degrade surrounding bone matrix
- Rebuild matrix with new collagen, new hydroxyapatite
- Bone Turnover
35
-Immature bone cells that secrete organic compounds of matrix
-BABY CELLS
-only BUilds
osteoblasts
BBB
blast build baby cells
36
Matrix produced by osteoblasts is
osteoid
37
Organic components only (not yet calcified to form
bone)
osteoid
38
Osteoblasts become or mature into
osteocytes
39
* Stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts
* Located in the inner cellular layer of periosteum and
the endosteum
* Maintain osteoblast populations, assist in fracture
repair
Osteoprogenitor Cells
40
Osteoprogenitor Cells
* Stem cells that divide to produce
osteoblasts
41
Osteoprogenitor Cells is
Located in the inner cellular layer of --------- and
the --------
* Located in the inner cellular layer of periosteum and
the endosteum
42
* Maintain osteoblast populations, assist in fracture
repair
-Packs CALCIUM AWAY INTO THE BONE
Osteoprogenitor Cells
43
-Giant, multinucleate cells
* Secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes
* Dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals
(osteolysis)
* Maintains blood concentrations of calcium & phosphate
* Derived from stem cells that produce macrophages
RELEASES CALCIUM!!
Osteoclasts
44
* Bone building (by osteoblasts) and bone recycling (by
osteoclasts) must balance
Homeostasis
45
More breakdown than building, bones become-----
* Immobility leads to reduction in bone mass
* More building than breakdown, bones -----
* Weight-bearing exercise causes osteoblasts to
build bone
weak
strengthen
46
The bone matrix acts
as a storage reservoir for Calcium
Serum Calcium Homeostasis
47
when Calcium is removed from the
bones
hypocalcemia
48
Stimulates the release of calcium
from bones
Parathyroid Hormone
49
when Calcium is packed into the bones
hypercalcemia
50
stimulates the deposition of calcium into bones
Calcitonin
51
the basic unit of The Structure of Compact Bone
Osteon
52
-----are Osteocytes arranged in concentric lamellae
around a central canal containing blood vessels
Osteon
53
* Perpendicular to the central canal
* Carry blood vessels into bone and marrow
Perforating canals
54
