Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

The part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum; it supports the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

The part of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs (arms and legs) and the girdles (pelvic and shoulder) that attach them to the axial skeleton.

Question 2

Compact bone

Answer 2

Dense bone tissue that provides strength and structure; it forms the outer layer of bones.

Question 3

Spongy bone

Answer 3

Lighter, less dense bone tissue found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of others; it contains trabeculae (small rod-like structures) that create a porous structure.

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

Bones that are longer than they are wide, typically found in the limbs (e.g., femur, humerus).

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

Cube-shaped bones that provide stability and support with little movement, found in the wrists and ankles (e.g., carpal bones).

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

Thin, flattened bones that provide protection and a surface for muscle attachment (e.g., skull, sternum).

Question 7

Diaphysis

Answer 7

The long, tubular shaft of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone and containing the medullary cavity.

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

Bones that do not fit into other categories due to their complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, pelvic bones).

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, serving as an attachment for tendons and ligaments.

Question 10

Epiphyseal line

Answer 10

A remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) found in adult bones, marking the area where bone growth occurred in youth.

Question 11

Hematoma

Answer 11

A localized collection of blood outside blood vessels, often forming as a result of injury or trauma, and can occur in bone injuries.

Question 12

Vertebral column

Answer 12

The series of vertebrae that form the spine, providing structural support and protecting the spinal cord.

Question 12

Cranium

Answer 12

The portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain; it consists of several bones fused together.

Question 13

Occipital bone

Answer 13

The bone that forms the back and base of the skull, containing the foramen magnum through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 14

Vertebrae

Answer 14

The individual bones that make up the vertebral column; there are 33 vertebrae in total, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.

Question 15

Intervertebral discs

Answer 15

Cartilaginous structures located between the vertebrae that act as shock absorbers and allow for movement of the spine.

Question 16

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 16

The seven vertebrae in the neck (C1-C7) that support the skull and allow for head movement.

Question 17

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 17

The twelve vertebrae in the upper and mid-back (T1-T12) that articulate with the ribs.

Question 18

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 18

The five vertebrae in the lower back (L1-L5) that support much of the body’s weight and allow for flexible movement.

Question 19

Sacrum

Answer 19

A triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column, formed by the fusion of five vertebrae, which connects to the pelvic girdle.

Question 20

Coccyx

Answer 20

Also known as the tailbone, it is made up of three to five fused vertebrae and serves as an attachment site for ligaments and muscles.

Question 21

Sternum

Answer 21

A flat bone located in the center of the chest, connecting to the ribs and providing attachment for pectoral muscles.

Question 22

Clavicle

Answer 22

Also known as the collarbone, it is a slender bone that connects the arm to the body and helps stabilize the shoulder.

Question 23

Ribs

Answer 23

Curved bones that form the ribcage, protecting the thoracic cavity and supporting the chest; humans typically have 12 pairs.

Question 24

Scapulae

Answer 24

Also known as the shoulder blades, these flat bones connect the humerus (upper arm bone) to the clavicle.

Question 25

Humerus

Answer 25

The long bone of the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

Question 26

Radius

Answer 26

One of the two long bones in the forearm, located on the lateral side (thumb side) when in the standard anatomical position.

Question 27

Ulna

Answer 27

The other long bone in the forearm, located on the medial side (pinky side) when in the standard anatomical position.

Question 27

Carpal bones

Answer 27

The eight small bones that make up the wrist, allowing for flexibility and movement.

Question 28

Pelvic girdle

Answer 28

The bony structure at the base of the spine, consisting of the hip bones, that supports the lower limbs.

Question 29

Femur

Answer 29

The long bone of the thigh, extending from the hip to the knee; it is the longest bone in the human body.

Question 29

Tibia

Answer 29

The larger and stronger of the two bones in the lower leg, commonly known as the shinbone, which supports weight and forms the knee joint.

Question 30

Fibula

Answer 30

The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, located alongside the tibia, providing stability to the ankle.