Skeletal System

Question 1

Compact Bone

Answer 1

hard and protective nature

Question 2

Spongy Bone

Answer 2

Sponge- like numerous spaces

Question 3

Basic Structural Unit

Answer 3

Osteons

Question 4

Which body tissue is bone?

Answer 4

Connective Tissue

Question 5

Osteoblasts
(blasts- build matrix)

Answer 5

Immature Bone Cells
-secretes bone matrix (collagen fibers) then get trapped in lacunae)

Question 6

Osteogenic cells
(genic- generates cells)

Answer 6

in periosteum and endosteum (where bone is laid down)
- only bone cells that go under cell division

Question 7

Osteocytes
(cytes- maintain tissue)

Answer 7

Mature bone cells
- maintain bone/exchange nutrients with blood
-main cells in bone tissue
-found in lacunae

Question 8

Osteoclasts
(clast- break down)

Answer 8

-formed from WBC/Monocytes
-“Digest” bone matrix for normal bone turnover/reabsorption

Question 9

5 Bone Functions

Answer 9

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell formation

Question 10

Axial

Answer 10

Head
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
Hyoid bone

Question 11

Appendicular

Answer 11

Pelvic Girdle
Pectoral Girdle
Humorous, Radius, Ulna
Femur, Tibia, Fibula
Metacarpals/metatarsals
Carpals, tarsals
phalanges

Question 12

Calcium Homeostasis

Answer 12

• The bone is a major reserve of Calcium
  -Blood levels of Ca controlled via remodeling

Question 13

Negative feedback loops

Answer 13

1. Parathyroid hormone
2. Calcitonin

Question 14

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 14

If blood Ca2+ decreases, stimulates increase in osteoclast activity + decreased loss of Ca2+ in urine → more Ca2+ in blood

Question 15

Calcitonin

Answer 15

if Ca+2 is too high this will decrease osteoclast= get Ca+2 out of blood

Question 16

Osteoarthritis

Answer 16

Degenerative joint Disease
(most common
-pain, stiffness, tenderness, loss of flexibility, bone spurs
Can range from unaffected to severely disabled

Question 17

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 17

Stiffening/swelling of joints

Question 18

Cranial Bones (8)

Answer 18

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 19

Facial Bones (14)

Answer 19

Maxilla, mandible, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, vomer, inf. nasal conchae

Question 20

lambdoid Suture

Answer 20

separates Occipital bone Parietal Bone

Question 21

Squamous Suture

Answer 21

Separates the Temporal bone and the Parietal Bone

Question 22

Sagittal Suture

Answer 22

Separates Parietal bones

Question 23

Coronal Suture

Answer 23

Separates Parietal Bone and Frontal Bone

Question 24

Foramen Magnum

Answer 24

Hole in the Occipital Bone for the Spinal Cord

Question 25

hyoid bone

Answer 25

Does not Articulate with any other bone and when broken you will most likely die (through choking)

Question 26

What makes up the Vertebra

Answer 26

Cerical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx (4)

Question 27

What two bones make up Pectoral Girdle

Answer 27

Clavicle and Scapula

Question 28

Endosteum

Answer 28

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 29

Periosteum

Answer 29

outside covering, forms new bone thickness, protection, nourishment, attachment for Sharpey’s Fibers:

Question 30

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 30

Adipose tissue location: Medullary Cavity (adults)

Question 31

Red Blood Marrow

Answer 31

Adults: found in confined cavities in spongy bone Infinants: Medullary cavity