Skeletal System Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the skeletal system
A
- stores minerals
- forms blood cells
- provides structure and support
- provides levers for movement
- protects organs
2
Q
Axial skeleton
A
- skull
- ribs
- sternum
- vertebrae
3
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
- appendages
- pelvis
-shoulders
4
Q
Compact bone (characteristics)
A
- highly organized
- rigid
- weight baring
- superficial
5
Q
What is the functional unit of a compact bone?
A
- osteon
6
Q
A
Compact bone
7
Q
Spongy bone (characteristics)
A
- fragmented (broken up)
- not stable
- lining marrow cavities
- deep
8
Q
What is the functional unit of a spongy bone?
A
trabecula
9
Q
A
Spongy bone
10
Q
Osteoprogenitor cells
A
stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts
11
Q
Osteoblasts
A
create matrix
12
Q
Osteoid
A
bony matrix
13
Q
Osteoclast
A
breaks down bony matrix to store minerals
14
Q
Osteocyte
A
- mature cell
- has lacuna
- maintains tissue by passing gases
- inside bony matrix
15
Q
Lacuna
A
housing for the osteocyte
16
Q
Periosteum
A
- around bone
- not at articular surfaces (where joints form)
- compact bone
- hyaline cartilage
- superficial
17
Q
Endosteum
A
- lining the spongy bone
- cellular membrane
- delicate
18
Q
Osteon of compact bone
A
- functional
- long-shaped structure
19
Q
Central Canal
A
- dead center of osteon
- blood and lymph vessels run through here
20
Q
Lamella
A
- concentric rings of bone tissue that go around central canal
- bone matrix
21
Q
Canaliculi
A
tiny canals that allow communication between the cells
22
Q
Trabeculae
A
- formed from spicules
- spongy bone
23
Q
Spicules
A
- tiny bits of bone; needle-like
- in spongy bone
- its membrane is the endosperm
24
Q
Long bones
A
- femur
- humerus
- phalanges
- tibia
- fibula
- radius
- ulna
25
Sesamoid bones
- patella
26
Irregular bones
- vertebrae
27
Short bones
- carpals
- tarsals
28
Flat bones
- cranial lobes
- ribs
- sternum
- pelvis
- scapula
29
Pneumatized bone
- ethmoid
30
Diaphysis
- shaft
31
Medullary cavity
- hollow
- stores lipids
- yellow marrow
32
Epiphysis
- ends
- red marrow
- blood cell production
33
Epiphyseal plate
- hyaline cartilage
- growth plate
- proximal and distal one
34
Articular cartilage
- ends of long bones
- hyaline cartilage
- articulates with bone
35
Bone development
- ossification
- occurs in fetus
36
Intramembranous ossification (characteristics)
- flat and sesamoid
- forms between 2 membranes
- occurs at 8 weeks in the womb
37
Endochondral ossification (characteristics)
- long, short, irregular, and pneumatized bones
- develops from hyaline cartilage
- occurs at 6 weeks
38
Osteoporosis
- organ included: bone
- spongy bone tissue
- occurs from:
- no physical activity
- menopause
- malnutrition
- calcium deficiency
- andropause
