Skeletal System

Question 0

Osteoblasts

Answer 0

Synthesize and secrete unmineralized ground substance.

Question 1

Osteogenic cells

Answer 1

Ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.

Question 2

Osteocytes

Answer 2

Osteoblasts that mature and migrate into the bone.

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

Responsible for resorption of the bone matrix during growth and repair.

Question 4

Periosteum

Answer 4

Dense, irregular fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone not covered by articular cartilage.

Question 5

Compact bone (cortical bone)

Answer 5

Very dense tissue, organized in haversian systems.

Question 6

Spongy bone (cancellous trabeculae)

Answer 6

Forms a lattice-like structure of spiked bone.

Question 7

Medullary cavity

Answer 7

The marrow cavity in the center of the bone, site of blood cell production (hermatopoiseis) of fat storage.

Question 8

Endosteum

Answer 8

A layer of osteogenic cells and osteoclasts that line the medullary cavity.

Question 9

Haversian systems

Answer 9

Compact bone that consist of closely packed osteons

Question 10

Haversian canal

Answer 10

Central canal surrounded by rings (lamellae) of matrix.

Question 11

Red bone marrow

Answer 11

Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in the red marrow.

Question 12

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 12

Mostly fat, which may be used as an energy source.

Question 13

Fascia

Answer 13

A three dimensional sheet of the connective tissue that permeates the body.

Question 14

Superficial fascia

Answer 14

Composed mainly of areolar and adipose tissue.

Question 15

Deep fascia

Answer 15

Covers and penetrate the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body.

Question 16

Visceral fascia

Answer 16

Envelopes and holds the organs within their cavities.

Question 17

Tendons (sinews)

Answer 17

Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue.

Question 18

Ligaments

Answer 18

Serve a bone to bone and limit movement.

Question 19

Elastic cartilage

Answer 19

The most resilient cartilage, it provides strength

Question 20

Fibrocartilage

Answer 20

Found where strong support and minimal movement are required.

Question 21

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 21

The costal cartilage

Question 22

Long bones

Answer 22

Femur, radius, ulna, humerus, tibia, fibula.

Question 23

Short bones

Answer 23

Carpals, tarsals

Question 24

Flat bones

Answer 24

Cranial bones, sternum, scapula.

Question 25

Irregular bones

Answer 25

Vertebrae, facial bones.

Question 26

Sesamoid bones

Answer 26

Patella

Question 27

Axial skeleton

Answer 27

Bones of the axis: ribs, breast bones (sternum), hyoid bones, bones of the skull, spiral column

Question 28

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 28

Bones of the appendages and girdles.

Question 29

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 29

1. Support 2. Protection 3. Movement facilitation 4. Mineral storage 5. Blood cell production 6. Energy storage

Question 30

Support

Answer 30

Framework for the body provided by the skeleton.

Question 31

Protection

Answer 31

Many internal organs are protected from Injury by the skeleton.

Question 32

Movement facilitation

Answer 32

Bones store several minerals that can be distributed to other parts of the body upon demand.

Question 33

Principal minerals

Answer 33

Calcium and phosphorus.

Question 34

Blood cells production

Answer 34

Red marrow in certain bones are capable of producing blood cells.

Question 35

Energy storage

Answer 35

Liquid stored in cells of yellow marrow are an important source of chemical energy.

Question 36

Synarthrotic joints

Answer 36

Allow extremely limited or no movement at all.

Question 37

Amphiarthrotic joints

Answer 37

Are slightly moveable.

Question 38

Diarthrotic joints

Answer 38

Freely movable joints

Question 39

Joint classifications

Answer 39

Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous.

Question 40

Synovial joints

Answer 40

Articulating bones separated by a joint cavity, enclosed in a joint capsule and lubricated by fluid.

Question 41

Fibrous joints

Answer 41

Bones are held together by collagenous fibers extending from bone to bone with no joint cavity.

Question 42

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 42

Bones held together by cartilage with no joint cavity.

Question 43

Types of synovial joints

Answer 43

1. Gliding 2. Hinges 3. Pivot 4. Saddle 5. Ball and socket 6. Ellipsoidal

Question 44

Gliding (plane)

Answer 44

Usually between two flat surfaces and allow the least movement of all types of synovial joints.

Question 45

Hinges (ginglymus)

Answer 45

Allow only flexion and extension like a door hinge

Question 46

Pivot (trochoid)

Answer 46

Designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone.

Question 47

saddle (sellar)

Answer 47

The articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like a rider sitting on a saddle.

Question 48

Ball and socket (spheroid-enarthroidal)

Answer 48

Consist of a ball like surface of one bone fitting into a cup like depression of another bone.

Question 49

Ellipsoidal ( condyloid)

Answer 49

Oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone.

Question 50

Condyle

Answer 50

A large, rounded articular prominence.

Question 51

Crest

Answer 51

Prominent border or ridge.

Question 52

Epicondyle

Answer 52

Prominent above a condyle.

Question 53

Facet

Answer 53

Smooth, flat surface.

Question 54

Foramen

Answer 54

Opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass.

Question 55

Fossa

Answer 55

Depression in, or on, a bone

Question 56

Groove

Answer 56

Depression which accommodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.

Question 57

Head

Answer 57

Rounded, articular projection supported on the constricted portion (neck) of a bone.

Question 58

Line

Answer 58

Less prominent ridge than a crest.

Question 59

Meatus

Answer 59

Tube-like passageway running within a bone.

Question 60

Process

Answer 60

Projection of bone.

Question 61

Ridge

Answer 61

Sharper crest.

Question 62

Spine

Answer 62

Slender projection.

Question 63

Trochanter

Answer 63

Large, blunt projection found only on the femur.

Question 64

Tubercle

Answer 64

Smooth rounded process

Question 65

Tuberosity

Answer 65

Large, rounded, usually roughened process.