Skeletal System

Question 1

functions of skeletal system

Answer 1

1. support and protect soft tissues
2. provide points of attachment for muscles
3. store inorganic salts(calcium)
4. house blood-producing cells

Question 2

tissues in bones

Answer 2

1. bone tissue
2. cartilage
3. dense connective tissue
4. blood and nervous tissue

Question 3

four kinds of bones

Answer 3

long
flat
short
irregular

Question 4

articulate

Answer 4

to form a joint

Question 5

at end of long bone, forms a joint with another bone

Answer 5

epiphysis

Question 6

coats the epiphysis with a layer of hyaline cartilage

Answer 6

articular cartilage

Question 7

shaft of the bone

Answer 7

diaphysis

Question 8

widening part of the bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Answer 8

metaphysis

Question 9

tough covering of dense connective tissue that covers the bone
-helps form/repair bone tissue

Answer 9

periosteum

Question 10

tightly packed tissue, no gaps

Answer 10

compact bone

Question 11

thin layers of compact bone, found in epiphysis(end of bone)

Answer 11

spongy bone

Question 12

branching bony plates

Answer 12

trabeculae

Question 13

semirigid tube with a hollow chamber

Answer 13

medulary cavity

Question 14

how is the medullary cavity formed?

Answer 14

formed by compact bone in the diaphysis of a long bone

Question 15

thin membrane containing bone forming cells

Answer 15

endosteum

Question 16

soft connective tissue

Answer 16

marrow

Question 17

projection at the point of attachment

Answer 17

process

Question 18

extraceullular matrix composed of

Answer 18

collagen

inorganic salts

Question 19

osteocytes

Answer 19

transports nutrients and wastes to nearby cells by passing through canaliculi

Question 20

gives bone strength

Answer 20

function of collagen

Question 21

make bone hard, make bone resistant to crushing

Answer 21

inorganic salts

Question 22

central canal contains

Answer 22

blood vessels/ nerve fibers, surrounded by loose connective tissue

Question 23

how do bones form

Answer 23

bone tissue replaces connective tissue

Question 24

flat bones of the skull

Answer 24

intramembranous bones

Question 25

bone forming cells

Answer 25

osteoblasts

Question 26

process of replacing connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone

Answer 26

intramebranous ossification

Question 27

osteoclasts resorb bone tissue and osteoblasts replace th ebone

Answer 27

bone remodeling

Question 28

factors influencing bone development, growth, and repair

Answer 28

- nutrition(Vitamins A, D, C) - exposure to sunlight(vitamin D) - hormonal secretions - physical exercise/physical stress

Question 29

90% of protein that is part of a bone

Answer 29

collagen

Question 30

stimulates division of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plates

Answer 30

growth hormone

Question 31

Why do females reach their maximum height earlier than males?

Answer 31

Estrogen has a stronger effect than testosterone on the epiphyseal plates

Question 32

Why do athletes have stronger bones?

Answer 32

Skeletal muscles contracting pulls at the attachment go bone and the stress stimulates the bone tissue to thicken and strengthen

Question 33

process of blood cell formation

Answer 33

hematopoisesis

Question 34

two types of marrow

Answer 34

red-red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets form yellow-stores fat and does not produce blood cells

Question 35

location of yellow marrow in adult

Answer 35

skull, vertebrae, hipbones, sternum

Question 36

results from loss of bone mineral

Answer 36

osteoporosis

Question 37

human body requires calcium for

Answer 37

- muscle cell contraction - nerve impulse contraction - blood clot formation

Question 38

bone tissue contains...(other than calcium and phosphorus)

Answer 38

magnesium sodium potassium