Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 5 competing functions?

Answer 1

1) Structure/support
2) Protection
3) Movement
4) Calcium storehouse
5) Blood cell production

Question 2

“Living/adaptable”

Answer 2

1) Growth
2) Repair (macrodamage, microdamage)
3) Remodel

Question 3

What is covering the medullary cavity and the pores on the spongy?

Answer 3

Endosteum

Question 4

What is covering the superficial layer to compact bone?

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

What is the space within the diaphysis filled with?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

What are the 3 ways that bone gets blood supply?

Answer 6

1) Periosteal vessels
2) Nutrient arteries (Nutrient foramen)
3) Epiphyseal vessels

Question 7

Trabecular bone structure consists of…

Answer 7

Network of plates and rods
Porous
Bone Marrow

Question 8

What are the 3 types of bone cell?

Answer 8

1) Osteoblast
2) Osteoclast
3) Osteocyte

Question 9

Osteoblast…

Answer 9

(Deposition)
Growth
Repair
Remodeling

Question 10

Osteoclast…

Answer 10

(Resorption)
Unloading
Repair
Remodeling

Question 11

Osteocyte…

Answer 11

(Maintenance)

Does both blast and cost but takes care of the microdamage

Question 12

Extracellular matrix composition

Answer 12

Organic (Collagen, gel)
Inorganic (Hydroxyapatite)
Remain tissue volume (Water)

Question 13

Matrix composition

Answer 13

1) Collagen (25-30%) Type 1
2) Gel (5%) Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
3) Mineral (65-70%) Ca Phosphate Crystals (Hydroxyapatite)

Question 14

Compliant %

Answer 14

25-30% collagen

65-70% mineral

Question 15

Brittle %

Answer 15

20% collagen

80% mineral

Question 16

Compressional Loading…

Answer 16

Increased mass & Cross-sectional area

Question 17

The rate of deposit and resource depends on…

Answer 17

What we do…Body Weight…GRF…Adaptation… aging causes more reserve than deposition

Question 18

Tensile Loading…

Answer 18

Tubercles, tuberosities, lines

Question 19

Deposition vs. Reposition

Answer 19

Bone Quantity (mass)

1) Age
2) Activity level
3) Hormones

Question 20

Age:
Fetal - 25 yrs
25 - 50 yrs
50 yrs+

Answer 20

Deposition is greater than resorption
Little change during 25-50
Resorption is greater at 50+

Question 21

Activity:

Answer 21

Exercise - over time will add bone mass
Inactivity causes injury/diseases
Microgravity

Question 22

What hormone inhibits osteoclasts in Osteoporosis patients?

Answer 22

Estrogen

Question 23

Exercise can only help with what % a year for bone mass?

Answer 23

1%, exercise young!

Question 24

What are the two hormones that effect bone mass?

Answer 24

Estrogen and Parathyroid