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Human Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

cells that produce the matrix of cartilage

A

chondoblasts

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2
Q

mature cartilage cells, completely incased within the matrix, maintain the matrix

A

chondrocytes

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3
Q

small spaces occupied by chondrocytes

A

lacunae

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4
Q

cartilage that is mature does not have blood supply. This means it is…

A

avascular

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5
Q

functions of cartilage

A
  • support soft tissues
  • provide gliding surfaces at articulations
  • provide the model for formation of bones in the body
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6
Q

types of cartilage

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • fibrocartilage
  • elastic cartilage
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7
Q

growth from within cartilage

A

interstitial growth

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8
Q

growth along periphery or edge of cartilage

A

appositional growth

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9
Q

stem cells located in the periosteum and endosteum

A

osteoprogenitor cells

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10
Q

cells that make new bone and secrete the organic portion of matrix

A

osteoblasts

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11
Q

mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, entrapped in matrix and occupy lacunae, maintain bone matrix

A

osteocytes

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12
Q

phagocytic cells, involved in bone reception - dissolves the matrix

A

osteoclasts

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13
Q

solid and dense, functional units called osteons

A

compact bone

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14
Q

porous and light, lattice-like plates of bone called trabeculae

A

spongy bone

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15
Q

each structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon

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16
Q

plate made of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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17
Q

double-layered membrane that covers the bone

A

periosteum

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18
Q

covers all internal surfaces within a bone, including the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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19
Q

blood forming tissue, found in cavities of spongy bone

A

red bone marrow

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20
Q

tissue found in medullary cavity as an adult

A

yellow marrow

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21
Q

the process of bone tissue formation which leads to the formation of the bony skeleton in embryos, bone growth until early adulthood, bone thickness, remodeling and repair

A

osteogenesis

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22
Q

bone develops from fibrous membrane (ex: skull and clavicles)

A

intramembranous ossification

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23
Q

uses hyaline cartilage “bones” as models for bone construction

A

endochondral ossification

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24
Q

when bone is injured or added strength is required

A

bone deposit

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25
Q

bone broken down by osteoclasts removing dead osteocytes and demineralized matrix

A

bone resorption

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26
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A
  • provide the framework of the body
  • protect by surrounding vital organs such as brain and spinal cord
  • bones act as levers and work with muscles
  • stores calcium and phosphate
  • bone marrow of certain bones produces new blood cells
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27
Q

definition and examples of long bones

A

longer than they are wide

- femur, phalanges

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28
Q

definition and examples of short bones

A

roughly cube shaped

- carpals, tarsals

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29
Q

definition and examples of flat bones

A

thin, flattened and usually slightly curved

- sternum, ribs, skull bones

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30
Q

definition and examples of irregular bones

A

no definitive shape

- vertebrae, hip bones

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31
Q

tuberosity

A

rough projection

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32
Q

crest

A

narrow, prominent ridge of bone

33
Q

trochanter

A

large, blunt, irregular surface

34
Q

line

A

narrow ridge of bone

35
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection

36
Q

spine

A

sharp, slender projection

37
Q

epicondyle

A

projection next to a condyle

38
Q

ramus

A

arm-like bar of bone

39
Q

process

A

any bony prominence

40
Q

head

A

prominent, rounded epiphysis

41
Q

facet

A

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

42
Q

condyle

A

rounded articular projection

43
Q

trochlea

A

smooth, grooved and pulley-like

44
Q

meatus

A

canal-like passageway

45
Q

sinus

A

cavity within a bon

46
Q

fossa

A

shallow, sinus-like depression

47
Q

groove

A

furrow

48
Q

foramen

A

round or oval opening through a bone

49
Q

immovable joints

A

synarthrosis

50
Q

slightly movable joints

A

amphiarthrosis

51
Q

freely movable joints

A

diarthrosis

52
Q

when articulating bones have flat surfaces that glide or slip across one another

A

gliding movement

53
Q

when movement causes an increase or decrease in the angle between two bones

A

angular movement

54
Q

when a bone turns along its own long axis

A

rotation

55
Q

decrease in angle, brings bones closer together

A

flexion

56
Q

increase in angle, moves bone farther away

A

extension

57
Q

extension beyond anatomical position

A

hyperextension

58
Q

moving away from midline of the body

A

abduction

59
Q

moving toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

60
Q

making a circle with the distal part of the bone

A

circumduction

61
Q

turning thumb back (palm forward)

A

supination

62
Q

turning thumb forward (palm back)

A

pronation

63
Q

turning sole inward

A

inversion

64
Q

turning sole outward

A

eversion

65
Q

pointing toes up

A

dorsiflexion

66
Q

pointing toes down

A

plantar flexion

67
Q

lifting a body part

A

elevation

68
Q

moving body part down

A

depression

69
Q

anterior movement relative to anatomic position

A

protraction

70
Q

posterior movement relative to anatomic position

A

retraction

71
Q

structural classification of joints

A
  • fibrous
  • cartilaginous
  • synovial
72
Q

functional classification of joints

A
  • synarthrosis
  • amphiarthrosis
  • diarthrosis
73
Q

consists of a bone with a round head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone

A

ball-and-socket joint

ex: hip joint, shoulder joint

74
Q

consists of an ovoid condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity

A 
condyloid joint
(ex: between a metacarpal and a proximal phalanx)
75
Q

articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved

A

plane or gliding joint

ex: intercarpal joints and intertarsal joints

76
Q

a convex surface fits into a concave surface

A 
hinge joint
(ex: elbow joint and interphalangeal joint)
77
Q

a cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and fibrous tissue

A 
pivot joint
(ex: proximal radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint)
78
Q

articulating surfaces have both concave and convex areas

A 
saddle joint
(ex: joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb)

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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