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Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Axial Skeleton and 2. Appendicular Skeleton
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2
Q

Which type of skeleton makes up the head, neck, and trumk?

A

Axial

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3
Q

Which type of skeleton makes up the limbs and pectoral/pelvic girdles?

A

Appendicular

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4
Q

What two things make up the skeleton?

A

Cartilage and Bone

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5
Q

What surrounds the cartilage?

A

Periosteum

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6
Q

What surrounds the bone?

A

Perichondrium

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7
Q

What are the two types of cartilage?

A

Articular and Costal

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8
Q

Which type of cartilage attaches the ribs to the sternum?

A

Articular

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9
Q

Which type of cartilage is found in the synovial joints?

A

Costal

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10
Q

What is the relationship of aging and amount of cartilage?

A

As age increases, cartilage decreases

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11
Q

What type of tissue is cartilage a semi-rigid, resilient form of?

A

Connective Tissue

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12
Q

What type of connective tissue is a specialized, hardened form?

A

Bone

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13
Q

What are the [five] functions of bone?

A

Support, Protection, mechanical basis of movement, storage of salts (Ca), and continuous supply of BCs (marrow)

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14
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

Spongy and compact

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15
Q

What is the relationship of spongy bone to compact bone?

A

All bones have a superficial layer of compact bone around a central mass of spongy bone

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16
Q

Where is marrow synthesized?

A

Medullary cavity

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17
Q

What type of bone is tubular in shape?

A

Long bones

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18
Q

What type of bone is cuboidal in shape?

A

Short bones

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19
Q

What type of bone have various shapes?

A

Irregular

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20
Q

What type of bone functions primarily for protection?

A

Flat

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21
Q

What type of bone protects the tendons?

A

Sesamoid

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22
Q

Give an example(s) of a long bone.

A

Femur, Humerus

23
Q

Give an example(s) of a short bone.

A

Tarsus and Carpus

24
Q

Give an example(s) of a flat bone.

A

Cranium, ribs, scapula

25
Give an example(s) of an irregular bone.
Face, vertebrae
26
Give an example(s) of a sesamoid bone.
Patella
27
What are the main parts of a bone?
1. Epiphysis (each end w/ plate following) (head) 2. Metaphysis (neck) 3. Diaphysis (shaft)
28
What part of a bone is indicated by a small, round anticular head?
Capitulum
29
What part of a bone is a condyle?
Small, knuckle-like articulation area
30
What part of a bone is indicated by a ridge of the bone?
crest
31
What part of a bone is the epicondyle?
Emenence adj or superior to a condyle
32
What part of a bone is indicated by a smooth, flat area with cartilage where a bone is connected to another?
Facet
33
A foramen of a bone indicates what?
A passage through
34
What part of a bone is indicated by a hollow/depression?
Fossa
35
What part of a bone is indicated by an elongated depression/furrow?
Groove
36
A line in a bone indicates linear elevation. What is another name for this?
Ridge
37
What part of a bone is indicated by a rounded process?
Malleolus
38
What part of a bone is indicated by an indentation at the edge of the bone?
Notch
39
A process of a bone indicates what?
An extension/projection
40
What does a protuberance of a bone indicate?
Bulgy projection
41
What part of a bone is indicated by a thorn-like process?
Spine
42
What is a large, blunt elevated area of a bone called?
Trochanter
43
What is a spool-like articular process?
Trochlea
44
What part of a bone is indicated by a small, raised eminence?
Tubercle
45
What part of a bone is a large, rounded elevation?
Tuberosity
46
At what age is ossification primarily completed?
20 to 21 years
47
When does ossification of bone begin?
Embryonic Development
48
What is the specialized embryonic connective tissue that bones derive from?
Mesenchyme
49
What is the primary ossification center?
Diaphysis (gives a bone girth)
50
Where is the secondary ossification center?
Epiphysis (growth plate - gives a bone length)
51
What are the most apparent type of blood vessels in the bones?
Nutrient Arteries via nutrient foramina
52
What does the nutrient arteries divide into in the medullary cavity?
Logitudinal Branches
53
Name a few types of variations of bones.
1. Accessory bones 2. Heterotopic bones 3. Atrophy, Hypertrophy 4. Fracture 5. Osteoporosis

Anatomy (19 decks)

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