Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial Anatomy

Answer 1

cranium, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Question 2

Appendicular Anatomy

Answer 2

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges of hand, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, bones of foot, THINK EXTREMETIES

Question 3

Function of Bone

Answer 3

Structure, Protection, Movement (attachment point), formation of blood cells, storage of sats

Question 4

Woven bone

Answer 4

immature bone (either in development or in fracture healing)

Question 5

Lamellar bone

Answer 5

• mature, includes compact and spongy

- bone is well innervated and vascular due to arteries and nerves that pass by

Question 6

Compact (cortical) bone

Answer 6

osteon: concentric layers of bone around a central Haversion canal

Question 7

Spongy bone

Answer 7

• aka trabecular, cancellous
• less dense than cortical
• lattice of bone material

Question 8

Long Bone

Answer 8

humerus and femur

Question 9

Short Bone

Answer 9

carpals and tarsals

Question 10

Flat bone

Answer 10

• made of plates of compact bone with cancellous bone in the middle
• ex: pelvis, ribs, skull, sternum
• these bones are for protection

Question 11

Accessory Bones

Answer 11

• not normally found but can be variant (os peroneum)

- can be due to failure of fusion (os trigonum)

Question 12

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 12

• improve leverage of muscle

- ex: patella, foot, hand

Question 13

Pneumatic Bones

Answer 13

• bones filled w/ air
• makes bone lighter in weight
• ex: mastoid process

Question 14

Heterotopic Bones

Answer 14

• presence of bone in muscle
• common with spinal cord injury
• can be irritant

Question 15

Periosteum

Answer 15

surrounding bones, thin layer of connective tissue

Question 16

Perichondrium

Answer 16

surrounding cartilage, developing bone

Question 17

Blood supply of Bone

Answer 17

• nutrient arteries: bone marrow, spongy bone, deep compact bone
• periosteal arteries: most of compact bone
• metaphyseal/ epiphyseal arteries: supply ends of bones
• Haversian system: supply osteons

Question 18

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

• bone forms directly from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue)
• ossification starts in center of bone shaft

Question 19

Endochondral ossification

Answer 19

• Derived from cartilage that develops mesenchyme
• happens in long bones, calcaneous is exception
• primary ossification center
• secondary ossification center- epiphyseal plate
• epiphyseal plate and line- line happens when growing stops (metaphysis)

Question 20

Avascular Necrosis

Answer 20

• loss of arterial blood supply to epiphysis or other parts of bone that results in death of bone tissue
• examples: scaphoid, femur
• Treatment (Tx): diagnosed with x-ray

Question 21

Bone Fracture Healing Process

Answer 21

• reduce and stabilize the fracture for greater ease of healing
• bone callus formation via fibroblasts ( form bone callus from collagen)
• remodeling (calcification)
• normal turn over of cells over time minimizing evidence of previous fracture

Question 22

Osteon

Answer 22

• Note landmarks
• Osteons can orient themselves in variety of patterns as one group is turning over and another formed, can dictate lines of force susceptible to fracture