Skeletal System Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the Perichondrium?
Its a tough layer of connective tissue that goes around the cartilage.
Because cartilage has no vasculature this also provides the cartilage with blood.
Another Function is to resist outward expansion.
What are the three types of Cartilage?
1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage
What is Hyaline and where is it found?
It’s the most abundant type. And is found:
Articular: at the joints.
Costal: Ribs and Sternum.
Respiratory: Voicebox and Tracheal rings.
Nasal: Supports the Nose.
What is Elastic and where is it found?
It’s more stretchy, and is only found in:
External Ear
Epiglottis
What is Fibrocartilage and where is it found?
Highly compressible but has great tensile strength. And is found in:
The meniscus of the knee
Intervertebral discs.
Whats the two ways cartilage grows?
Appositional Growth: Means “Growth from the outside” the perichondrium secretes new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage.
Interstitial Growth: Means “Growth from inside” Chondrocytes secrete new matrix from within the lacunae, this usually ends when the skeleton stops growing.
What is Bone? and what tissue does it contain?
An Organ that Contains Osseous tissue as well as nervous, connective, muscle and epithelial tissue.
What are the functions of bone?
Support: a Hard framework to support the body and the soft organs.
Protection: Ex. Skull, (Protects the brain). Spinal Column (protects the spinal cord). Rib Cage (Protects heart and lungs)
Movement; Bone work as levers for the muscle to act upon. The arrangement of bone and how joints are made it what determines what kind of movement we can make.
Mineral Storage: Primarily calcium and phosphate. the action of hormones releases these into the bloodstreams so they can get where they need to go
Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation): Most of blood cell formation occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones.
What are the two main regions of the skeleton?
Axial skeleton: Forms the long axis of the body: Includes skull, vertebral column and rib cage.
Appendicular Skeleton; Bones of the limbs and girdles.
How are bones classified and what are the names?
There classified by shape
Long: Longer then they are wide, with a shaft plus two ends. Include all of the limb bones except for the kneecap and bones of the wrist and ankle.
Short: Roughly cube-shaped. Includes the bones of the wrist and ankle.
Flat: Usually also a bit curved. Includes the sternum, scapulae, ribs and most skull bones.
Irregular: Complicated shapes that don’t really fit in any of the other categories. Include the Vertebrae and hip bone.
What’s the different bone texture?
Compact Bone: A dense outer layer that looks smooth and solid.
Spongy Bone: Internal, has honeycomb type appearance from trabeculae or little beams. The spaces between are filled with either red or yellow marrow.
What is the Diaphyses in long bones?
The tubular shaft that forms the long axis. In adults, the medullary (or marrow) cavity contains yellow bone marrow (fat)
What is the epiphyses in long bone?
The bone end pieces. The interior is made up of spongy bone. Note the articular cartilage (Haline) Covering each end for cushioning. In adults, there can be seen and epiphyseal line, which is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate that flows during childhood to lengthen the bone.
What is red marrow?
is the hematopoietic (blood-forming) tissue that primarily found in the spongy bone of long bones. or the diploe of flat bones. In adults its mainly found in the head of the femur and humerus, diploe of the sternum and the hip bone.
What is yellow marrow?
it contains and holds fat.
But is able to revert to red marrow if the person needs more red blood cell production.
