Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BTEC Level 3 National Foundation Diploma in Sport > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the functions of the skeleton

A
  1. Support
  2. Levers
  3. Attachment
  4. Red blood cell production
  5. Mineral storage
  6. Weight bearing
  7. Protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Support

A
  • Allows the body to maintain its shape
  • Allows you to stand erect because of the vertebral column
  • Framework for muscle attachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levers

A
  • The body has a number of lever systems that work with muscles to create movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Attachment

A
  • The skeleton provides essential muscle attachment of joints to create a range of movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protection

A
  • Skeleton protects the body and vital organs from harm

- E.g. the ribs protect the heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Red blood cell production

A
  • Bone marrow produces red blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mineral storage

A
  • Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

- They are released into the body when they are needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do we need calcium in the bones?

A

For muscle contraction and bone repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happened when there is little phosphorus in the bones?

A

Can cause muscle fatigue and joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weight Bearing

A
  • Bones ensure impact in the form of weight bearing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the classifications of bone?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Irregular
  4. Flat
  5. Sesamoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify the structure and function of long bones

A 
Structure
- Greater in length that width
Function 
- Help absorb the stress of the body 
- Source of red blood cell production 
- Acts as levers for large movement and to generate more force on an object 
- E.g. Femur and Tibia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Identify the structure and function of short bones

A 
Structure 
- Cube-shapes 
- Nearly equals in length and width 
Function
- Weight bearing 
- Increase stability 
- Shock absorber
  • E.g. wrist and ankle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Identify the structure and function of flat bones

A 
Structure 
- Thin 
Function
- Provides protection of vital organs 
- Area for muscle attachment 
-Produce blood cells in adults 
- E.g. Pelvis and sternum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Identify the structure and function of irregular bones

A 
Structure 
- Complex shapes 
Function 
- Large surface area for muscle attachment 
- E.g. Vertebral column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identify the structure and function of sesamoid bones

A 
Structure 
- Inside tendon 
Function 
- Allows tendon to slide over the joint 
- Ease joint movement 
- E.g. Patella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain the role of the axial skeleton

A
  • Bones in the body with the primary purpose of protection

- E.g. Cranium- Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain the role of the appendicular skeleton

A
  • Bones within the body with the primary purpose of movement
  • Limbs of the body
  • E.g. Arms- Humerus, Radius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State the regions of the spine

A
  1. Cervical, 7
  2. Thoracic, 12
  3. Lumbar, 5
  4. Sacrum, 5
  5. Coccyx, 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define ossification

A

The process of bone growth and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define osteoblasts

A

The cells that helps to create new bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define osteoclasts

A

These cells break down bone tissue

Important for repair and maintainance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Identify the structural classification of joints, with an example of each

A
  1. Fibrous/ Fixed e.g Cranium
  2. Cartilaginous e.g between the lumbar vertebrae
  3. Synovial e.g joints between bones of the arms and legs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Identify the functional classic action of joints

A

Fibrous- Immovable
Cartilaginous- Slightly moveable
Synovial- Freely moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
identify the structure of the articular/ hyaline cartilage
Glassy-smooth cartilage that is spongy | Covers the ends of the bone at the joint
26
identify the function of the articular/ hyaline cartilage
Prevent friction Acts as a shock absorber Protects bones from being crushed
27
identify the structure of the two-layered joint capsule
Outer layer is a tough fibrous layer called the fibrous capsule Inner layer is the synovial membrane
28
Identify the function of the two-layered joint capsule
Strengthen the joints so that they don’t fall apart | Secrete synovial fluid
29
Identify the structure of the synovial fluid
A slippery fluid that is contained in the joint cavity
30
Identify the function of the synovial fluid
Reduce friction Nourish the cartilage Get rid of waste debris
31
Identify the structure of the ligament
Band of strong fibrous tissue
32
Identify the function of the ligament
Connects bone to bone
33
Identify the structure of the bursa
Fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane that had s thine film of synovial fluid
34
Identify the function of the bursa
Prevent friction where ligaments, muscles, tendons or bone may run together
35
Name the types of synovial joint
1. Hinge 2. Ball and socket 3. Pivot 4. Gliding 5. Condyloid 6. Saddle
36
Ball and socket
Ball shaped head that articulates with a cup-like socket | Allows the greatest range of movement
37
Hinge
Cylindrical protrusion of one bone articulate on a trough like depression of the adjacent bone Movement is restricted to bending and straightening only
38
Pivot
Pointed or concave structure of one bone articulates with a ring- shaped structure of an adjacent bone Movement is restricted to one bone rotating on a longitudinal axis
39
Condyloid
Similar to ball and socket Flatter oval articulating surfaces forming a shallower joint Allows second greatest range of movement
40
Gliding
Articulating surfaces are flat and the same size | Allows limited amount of gliding motion in all directions
41
Saddle
Articulating surfaces shaped like saddle and both have concave and convex areas Allows a degree of movement in most directions
42
State the different movement patterns
1. Flexion and extension 2. Horizontal flexion and extension 3. Adduction and abduction 4. Plantar flexion and dorsi flexion 5. Rotation 6. Circumduction 7. Supination and pronation 8. Lateral flexion
43
Describe flexion and extension
Flexion - closing the angle at a joint e.g. flexion at the knee Extension - opening up the angle at a joint
44
Describe horizontal flexion/ extension
Horizontal flexion- arm parallel to the ground and the shoulder joint moving toward the middle of the body Horizontal extension- arm is parallel to the ground and moving away from the middle of the body
45
Describe addiction and abduction
Adduction- body part moves towards the midline of the body | Abduction- body part moves away from the midline of the body
46
Describe rotation
When a body part turns about it’s long axis from the anatomical position
47
Describe supination and pronation
Supination- palms facing forwards or upwards Pronation- palms facing backwards or downwards Unique to the radio-ulnar joint
48
Describe circumduction
The joint stays still while the furthest end of the body part moves in a circle
49
Describe dorsi/ plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion- movement towards the Tibia | Plantarflexion- movement away from the Tibia
50
State the responses of the skeletal system within the joint
1. Reduction in viscosity of the synovial fluid | 2. Increase in pliability of the ligaments
51
Responses of the skeletal system to exercise
1. Stimulates the increase in mineral uptake in bones | 2. Stimulates production of collagen, due to increased stress on the bones
52
State the adaptations of the skeletal system
1. Stronger bones/ bone density increases due to increased mineral content 2. Increases stretch of ligament, reduce risk of dislocation 3. Increased thickness of articular cartilage, protects the ends of bones from wear and tear
53
What are some factors that effect the skeletal system?
- Arthritis - Osteoporosis - Age
54
Describe arthritis
Wear and tear of cartilage
55
Describe osteoporosis
Lack of bone density | This could be increased through weight bearing exercises
56
Describe how age could effect the skeletal system
Bones are growing and repairing | Children should avoid resistance training as it can lead to damage and stunted growth
57
What is a neutral spine?
Good posture/ straight
58
What are the main two types of postural deviation?
1. Kyphosis | 2. Scoliosis
59
Describe kyphosis
Hunchback appearance Excessive outward curve of the spine Often caused by bad posture
60
Describe scoliosis
Curvature of the spine to the left or right | This is a genetic condition

BTEC Level 3 National Foundation Diploma in Sport (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions