skeletal system A

Question 1

What are the main components of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Bones, Joints, Cartilages, Ligaments

Question 2

How is the skeletal system divided into two main divisions?

Answer 2

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

Name the functions of bones in the human body.

Answer 3

Support of the body, Protection of soft organs, Movement due to attached skeletal muscles, Storage of minerals and fats, Blood cell formation

Question 4

How many bones does the adult human skeleton typically have?

Answer 4

206 bones

Question 5

What are the two basic types of bone tissue?

Answer 5

Compact bone and Spongy bone

Question 6

What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Answer 6

Compact bone is dense and homogeneous, while spongy bone consists of small needle-like pieces with many open spaces.

Question 7

Give an example of a long bone.

Answer 7

Femur (thigh bone) or Humerus (upper arm bone)

Question 8

Which bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone?

Answer 8

Short bones (e.g., carpals and tarsals)

Question 9

What type of bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved with layers of compact and spongy bone?

Answer 9

Flat bones (e.g., skull, ribs, sternum)

Question 10

Provide an example of an irregular bone.

Answer 10

Vertebrae and hip bones

Question 11

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

Answer 11

The shaft of the bone, composed of compact bone.

Question 12

What part of the bone covers the external surface of the epiphyses and decreases friction at joint surfaces?

Answer 12

Articular cartilage

Question 13

What is the medullary cavity, and what does it contain in adults?

Answer 13

The medullary cavity is the cavity of the bone shaft, containing yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults

Question 14

Which type of bone marking represents surface features of bones and provides sites of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments?

Answer 14

Projections and processes

Question 15

What is an osteon (Haversian System)?

Answer 15

A unit of bone consisting of concentric rings of lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and a central (Haversian) canal.

Question 16

What is the central (Haversian) canal responsible for?

Answer 16

Carrying blood vessels and nerves within an osteon

Question 16

Which type of canal is perpendicular to the central canal and also carries blood vessels and nerves?

Answer 16

Perforating (Volkman’s) canal

Question 17

What is the function of lacunae in bone tissue?

Answer 17

Lacunae are cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes).

Question 18

What are canaliculi, and what is their role in bone tissue?

Answer 18

Canaliculi are tiny canals that radiate from the central canal to lacunae and form a transport system for nutrients and waste products.

Question 19

What happens to the cartilage in epiphyseal plates during bone growth?

Answer 19

New cartilage is continuously formed, while older cartilage becomes ossified (turns into bone)

Question 19

How does the skeleton change during embryonic development?

Answer 19

In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone tissue.

Question 19

What allows for the growth of long bones during childhood?

Answer 19

Epiphyseal plates

Question 20

What are osteocytes, and what is their role in bone tissue?

Answer 20

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that help maintain bone tissue.

Question 21

Which type of bone cells are responsible for bone formation?

Answer 21

Osteoblasts

Question 22

What is bone remodeling, and who is involved in this process?

Answer 22

Bone remodeling is the continuous process of breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue, involving both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Question 23

What are osteoclasts, and what is their function in bone tissue?

Answer 23

Osteoclasts are bone-destroying cells that break down bone matrix for remodeling and the release of calcium

Question 24

What is the primary function of the central (Haversian) canal in bone tissue?

Answer 24

It carries blood vessels and nerves to nourish bone cells

Question 24

Name the two types of basic bone tissue.

Answer 24

Compact bone and Spongy bone

Question 25

What type of bone marking represents indentations on bone surfaces?

Answer 25

Depressions or cavities

Question 26

Which part of a long bone is primarily composed of spongy bone?

Answer 26

The epiphysis (ends of the bone).