Skeletal System and Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are the four tissue types in the body?

Answer 1

Epitheleal Muscle Nervous Connective

Question 2

What are the major connective tissues?

Answer 2

Bone, blood, fat, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Question 3

True or False: blood is a connective tissue

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: fat is a connective tissue

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Cells that make the protein collagen

Answer 5

Chondrocytes

Question 6

True or False: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is found predominantly in the extracellular matrix

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Connect Bone to Bone

Answer 7

Ligament

Question 8

Connect muscle to bone

Answer 8

Tendon

Question 9

Which of the following is not a connective tissue: Muscle Blood Ligament Adipose

Answer 9

Muscle is not a connective tissue

Question 10

Axial Skeleton

Answer 10

Skull, ribs, and spine, houses CNS

Question 11

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 11

Appendages

Question 12

True or False: the epiphyseal plate is between the diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Freely movable joints that dont necessarily touch

Answer 13

Synovial

Question 14

The bones of the skull are an example of this joint type

Answer 14

Fibrous

Question 15

Compromise between synovial and fibrous joint

Answer 15

Cartilaginous joint eg discs

Question 16

Cell type that create new bone by producing hydroxyapatite

Answer 16

Osteoblasts

Question 17

What hormones impact bones?

Answer 17

PTH, Calcitriol, Calcitonin

Question 18

Hormone derived from vitamin D that aims to increase calcium levels

Answer 18

Calcitriol

Question 19

PTH and Calcitriol will stimulate _________ to promote calcium resorption and will increase absorption in the ________

Answer 19

Osteoclasts and digestive tract

Question 20

This hormone inhibits osteoclasts

Answer 20

Calcitonin

Question 21

Calcitonin

Answer 21

Secreted by: Thyroid

Action: inhibits osteoclasts to keep them from resorping Ca to promote osteoblasts to incorporate Ca into bone. Reduce Ca intake from GI

Question 22

Compact Bone

Answer 22

Hard dense and provides structural supprot for movement, made of osteons with haversion canals in the middle

Question 23

Spongy bone

Answer 23

porous, contains marrow.

Question 24

Red Marrow

Answer 24

Site of hematopoiesis

Question 25

Yellow Marrow

Answer 25

Contians adipocytes

Question 26

What is bone primary composed of?

Answer 26

Collagen and hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is the mineral component of bone. Hydroxyapatite serves as a storage deposit for calcium and phosphate in bone.

Question 27

True or false: Bone marrow is only found within spongy bone.

Answer 27

This statement is false. Compact bone is hard and dense. It provides structural support and leverage for movement, and contains some bone marrow. Bone marrow is also found within spongy bone, which is significantly more porous than compact bone.

Question 28

A patient with low blood calcium levels caused by a dietary deficiency would most likely have elevated levels of PTH or Calcitonin?

Answer 28

PTH: When blood calcium is low, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol become elevated to increase blood calcium levels via bone resorption and increased absorption in the digestive tract. Thus, we would expect PTH levels to be elevated.

Question 29

What secrete PTH?

Answer 29

Parathyroid glands

Question 30

What secretes calcitriol?

Answer 30

Kidney, it is a vit D derivitive

Question 31

What secrete calcitonin?

Answer 31

Thyroid

Question 32

Osteon

Answer 32

Osteons are cylindrical structures composed of concentric rings, or lamellae, of bone matrix. In the center of the osteon is a channel known as the haversian canal, through which the bone’s blood and nerve supply passes.