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PHYL 1512 > Skeletal System and Joints > Flashcards

Skeletal System and Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of bones

A

support, protection, storage, production

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2
Q

spongy vs compact bone

A

soft (inside) and hard (outer layer)

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3
Q

Diaphysis

A

main part of bone (shaft)

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4
Q

Metaphysis

A

middle part of bone

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5
Q

Epiphysis

A

end of bone

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6
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

growth plate

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7
Q

Endosteum

A

inside cavity of bone

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

outside cavity of bone

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9
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hole for blood (nutrients)

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10
Q

Long Bones

A

hollow cavities, tubular

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11
Q

Short Bones

A

cubes, don’t have bone marrow, only found in tarsus and carpus

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12
Q

Flat bones

A

literally flat, protective

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13
Q

Irregular Bones

A

combination, not long, short or flat

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14
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

grow in muscle tendon

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15
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Vertebrae, Thoracic cage (ribs, sternum)

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16
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Arms, legs, collarbone, scapula and hip bones

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17
Q

skull

A

cranium

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18
Q

cervical bone

A

upper part of spine (neck)

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19
Q

Thoracic bone

A

upper and middle part of back (spine)

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20
Q

Lumbar bone

A

vertebrae in lower back

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21
Q

Sacrum bone

A

bottom of lumbar vertebrae and connected to pelvis

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22
Q

Coccyx bone

A

end of the vertebral column

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23
Q

Sternum bone

A

flat bone at the anterior of the thorax

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24
Q

Ribs

A

protect the lungs

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25
Clavicle bone
Collar bone
26
Scapula bone
Shoulder blade
27
Humerus bone
upper arm
28
Radius bone
outer bone on lower arm (palm up)
29
Ulna bone
inner bone on lower arm (palm down)
30
Carpals bone
wrist
31
Metacarpals (hand)
connect phalanges to your wrist
32
phalanges
finger bones
33
Femur
upper leg bone
34
patella
knee cap
35
Tibia
Inside bone in lower leg
36
Fibula
outside bone in lower leg
37
Tarsals
ankle bone
38
metatarsals
connect phalanges to your ankle
39
phalanges (feet)
toe bones
40
Frontal
front of cranium
41
Parietal
top of cranium
42
Temporal
sides of cranium
43
occipital
back of cranium
44
nasal bone
nose
45
maxilla
upper jaw
46
mandible
lower jaw
47
zygomatic
cheek bones
48
Sphenoid
touches all bones in skull
49
Ethmoid
inside nasal cavity
50
Lacrimal
see through eye socket, posterior to nasal bone
51
Vomer
inferior to the nasal cavity
52
Capitulum
small, round head
53
Condyle
rounded area, comes in pairs
54
crest
ridge of bone
55
Epicondyle
superior or adjacent to a condyle
56
facet
cave, muscle sits inside cave
57
Foramen
hole through a bone
58
Fossa
hollow
59
Groove
longer valley
60
head
large, round end
61
line
linear ridge
62
malleolus
rounded process
63
neck
narrow portion proximal to the head
64
notch
indentation on edge of bone
65
protuberance
bump on upper half of body
66
spine
ridge
67
Trochanter
bump on lower half of body
68
Trochlea
spoon-like acts like a pulley
69
Tubercle
small raised eminence
70
Tuberosity
large rounded elevation
71
Purpose of joints
hold bones together, support movement
72
Fibrous
not a lot of tissue, no cartilage
73
Cartilaginous
cartilage
74
Synovial
Lots of tissue, cartilage, fluids
75
Synarthrosis
barely any movement
76
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly moveable
77
Diarthrosis
lots of movement
78
Hinge
Elbow, 1 degree of freedom : flexion/extension
79
Saddle
Thumb, 2 degrees of freedom : flexion/extension/adduction/abduction
80
Condyloid
Knuckles, 2 degrees of freedom : flexion/extension/adduction/abduction
81
Gliding
flat surfaces, no degrees of freedom just glides
82
Pivot
Neck between C1,C2, 1 degree of freedom : left and right rotation
83
Ball and Socket
deep: shoulder/hip, 4 degrees of freedom : flexion/extension/adduction/abduction/internal and external rotation/horizontal flexion
84
Synovial Cavity
fluid sits
85
Synovial Membrane
creates fluid, big bag on inner lining
86
Enthesis
insert into bone
87
Articular cartilage
covers bone, usually smooth
88
Ligament
structural support
89
Bursa
bag of fluid used to minimize friction
90
Sprain
Ligaments only
91
Strain
muscle tendon only
92
Arthritis
disorder that affects joints
93
Osteoarthritis
wear and tear
94
Rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune, body attacks own tissue
95
Chondritis
inflammation of cartilage
96
Sublaxation
partial dislocation : pop in and out of socket
97
Dislocation
bones of a joint come out of place
98
Synovitis
inflammation of synovial membrane
99

PHYL 1512 (4 decks)

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