Skeletal System - Bones

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

tough outer covering
- like a shell
helps form and repair bone tissue
continues w/ tendons and ligaments

Question 2

Osteoclasts

Answer 2

Clash and break down bone

Question 3

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 3

Articular Cartilage
- covers epiphysis
- protects bone ends
- helps form synovial joints

Question 4

Diaphysis

Answer 4

Long portion of bone
- shaft/middle

Question 5

Compact (cortical) bone

Answer 5

• tightly packed
• tissue close together
• adds strength
• resists bending

Question 6

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Answer 6

• spaces/gaps
• found in epiphysis
  -reduces bone weight
• lighter
  absorbs compressive forces

Question 7

Short Bones

Answer 7

Length = Width
- square shape
- ability to guide
ex. wrist (carpals)
ankle (tarsals)

Question 8

Irregular Bones

Answer 8

• variety of shapes
• several connections
  ex. vertebrae, facial bones
• different shapes for different bones

Question 9

Thoracic Cage

Answer 9

Axial
- ribs (12)
5 false, 7 true, 2 floating
- sternum (breast bone)

Question 10

Superficial

Answer 10

closer to surface

Question 11

Dorsal

Answer 11

Back (dorsum = back)
-cranial cavity = brain
- vertebral canal

Question 12

Ventral

Answer 12

Front
- thoracic cavity = mediastinum
- abdominopelvic

Question 13

Superior

Answer 13

Above

Question 14

Posterior

Answer 14

Back

Question 15

Lateral

Answer 15

Away from midline

Question 16

Inferior

Answer 16

Below

Question 17

Medial

Answer 17

Towards midline

Question 18

Anterior

Answer 18

Front

Question 19

Intramembranous Bones

Answer 19

Connective Tissue
- flat bones of the skull
- connective tissue ensures skull is connected

Question 20

Endochondrial Ossification

Answer 20

All other bones form

Question 21

Circumduction

Answer 21

Big circles
ex. shoulders or hips

Question 22

Hyperextension

Answer 22

Over 180
ex. hyperextended knees and elbows

Question 23

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 23

Apendicular
- scapula
-clavicle

Question 24

Vertebral Column

Answer 24

Axial
- vertebrae (24)
- sacrum
- coccyx

Question 25

Skull

Answer 25

Axial - cranium - facial bones

Question 26

Hyoid Bone

Answer 26

Axial - attachment for tongue and muscles for swallowing

Question 27

Endochondrial Bones

Answer 27

Hyaline Cartilage - most bones

Question 28

Endochondrial Bone Growth Steps

Answer 28

start: hyaline cartilage 1st: primary ossification center (make diaphysis) 2nd: Secondary ossification (make epiphysis) 3rd: make medullary cavity 4rth: osteoclasts hollow out middle, spongy bone

Question 29

Appendicular

Answer 29

- upper and lower limbs - anchor limbs - attachment points

Question 30

Gliding Joint

Answer 30

- when articulating surfaces are flat - back and forth motion ex. wrists, ankles, between vertabrae

Question 31

Diaphysis

Answer 31

Shaft or middle of the bone

Question 32

Proximal Epiphysis

Answer 32

Top end of long bones