Skeletal system, joints and planes of movement Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the five functions of the skeletal system?
- Store minerals
- Protect internal organs
- Shape and support
- Produce blood cells
- Movement
What are the five classifications of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
Describe and give an example of a long bone
- Longer than it is wide
- Act as levers for movement and sites for blood cell production
- Femur/ Humerus/ Phalanges/ Ulna/ Radius
Describe and give an example of a short bone
- As wide as they are long
- Bear weight well but provide little movement
- Carpals/ Tarsals
Describe and give an example of a flat bone
- Flat plates of bone that are strong to protect internal organs
- Act as a bas for muscular endurance
- Cranium/ Sternum/ Ribs/ Pelvis
Describe and give an example of an irregular bone
- Non-uniform shape
- Vertebrae
Describe and give an example of a sesamoid bone
- Found at joints
- Ease joint movement
- Resists compression
- Patella
Name the five components of a synovial joint
- Bursa
- Joint capsule
- Ligament
- Synovial fluid
- Articular cartilage
Describe the structure and function of the bursa
- Closed fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
- Reduces friction between tendons and bones
Describe the structure and function of the joint capsule
- A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
- Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid
Describe the structure and function of the ligament
- A tough band of connective tissue with is slightly elastic
- Connects bone to bone and stabilises joint movement
Describe the structure and function of the synovial fluid
- Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity
- Reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage
Describe the structure and function of the articular cartilage
- Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones
- Absorbs shock and allows friction free movement
Describe and give an example of a hinge joint
- Cylindrical bone articulates with a trough shaped bone held tightly by ligaments to limit sideways movement
- One plane of movement
- Elbow, knee, ankle
What are the possible movements at a hinge joint?
Flexion, extension, plantar and dorsi flexion
?Describe and give an example of a pivot joint?
- A rounded bone articulates with a ring shaped bone which restricts
- One plane of movement
- Radio-ulna, atlanto-axial
What are the possible movements at a pivot joint?
Rotation
Define ‘rotation’
Articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver type motion
Describe and give an example of a gliding joint
- Almost flat, similar size bones articulate with limited motion
- Three planes of movement
- Vertebrae/ Carpals
Describe and give an example of a ball and socket joint
- A ball shaped head articulates with a cup shaped socket to give a large range of motion
- Three planes of movement
- Shoulder and hip
What movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, horizontal flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation
Describe and give an example of a condyloid joint
- Similar to a ball and socket joint but the bone surfaces are flatter
- Two planes of motion
- Wrist
What movements are possible at a condyloid joint?
Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
Describe the sagittal plane of movement
- Lies vertically to divide the body into left and right from medial to lateral
- All forward and backward movement
- Jogging
