Skeletal system (Lecture)

Question 1

Parts of the skeletal system

Answer 1

 Bones (skeleton)
 Joints
 Cartilages
 Ligaments

Question 2

Functions of Bones

Answer 2

 Support of the body

 Protection of soft organs

 Movement due to attached skeletal
muscles

 Storage of minerals (Ca and P) and fats

Question 2

Skeletal System Divided into two divisions

Answer 2

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

Blood cell formation

Answer 3

hematopoiesis

Question 4

Two basic types of osseous - bone tissue

Answer 4

Compact Bone - Dense and Homogenous
Spongy Bone - Small needle-like pieces of bone
- many open spaces

Question 5

-Typically longer than wide
- Have a shaft with heads at both ends

Answer 5

Long bones ( Femur, Humerus)

Question 5

Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone

Answer 5

Short bones (Carpals and tarsals)

Question 6

form within tendons

Answer 6

Sesamoid bones (patella or kneecap)

Question 7

Thin and flattened, usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone

Answer 7

Flat bones (skull, ribs and sternum)

Question 8

Irregular shape
- Do not fit into other bone classification
categories

Answer 8

Irregular bones (Vertebrae and hip)

Question 9

Composed of compact bone

Answer 9

Diaphysis

Question 10

-Ends of the bone

• Composed mostly of
  spongy bone

Answer 10

Epiphysis

Question 11

• Outside covering of the diaphysis
• Fibrous connective tissue membrane

Answer 11

Periosteum

Question 12

Supply bone cells with nutrients

Answer 12

Arteries

Question 13

Secure periosteum to underlying bone

Answer 13

Sharpey’s fibers

Question 14

-Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
- Made of hyaline cartilage
-Decreases friction at joint surfaces

Answer 14

Articular cartilage

Question 15

-Cavity of the shaft
-Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
- Contains red marrow (for blood cell
formation) in infants

Answer 15

Medullary Cavity

Question 16

• Surface features of bones
• Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons,
  and ligaments
• Passages for nerves and blood vessels
• Categories of bone markings

Answer 16

Bone Markings

Question 17

grow out from the bone surface

Answer 17

Projections or processes

Question 18

A unit of bone

Answer 18

Osteon (Haversian System)

Question 19

• Opening in the center of an osteon
• Carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 19

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 20

• Canal perpendicular to the central canal
• Carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 20

Perforating (Volkman’s) canal

Question 21

• Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
• concentric rings

Answer 21

Lacunae

Question 22

• Rings around the central canal
• Sites of lacunae

Answer 22

Lamellae

Question 23

-Tiny canals -Radiate from the central canal to lacunae - Form a transport system

Answer 23

Canaliculi

Question 24

Areas where cartilage remains

Answer 24

Bridge of the nose Parts of ribs Joints

Question 25

Types of Bone Cells

Answer 25

Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts

Question 26

Mature bone cells

Answer 26

Osteocytes

Question 27

Bone forming cells

Answer 27

Osteoblasts

Question 28

- Bone-destroying cells - Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium

Answer 28

Osteoclasts

Question 29

is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 29

Bone remodeling

Question 30

break that does not penetrate the skin

Answer 30

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 31

broken bone penetrates through the skin

Answer 31

Open (compound) fracture

Question 32

swelling) is formed due to broken blood vessels

Answer 32

Hematoma (blood-filled swelling)

Question 33

Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a

Answer 33

callus – cartilage matrix, bony matrix, collagen fibers – capillaries also form again

Question 34

Forms the longitudinal part of the body

Answer 34

Axial Skeleton

Question 34

Skull 2 sets of bones

Answer 34

Cranium, Facial Bones

Question 34

Axial skeleton is divided into three parts

Answer 34

Skull, Vertebral column, Bony thorax

Question 35

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

Answer 35

Paranasal Sinuses

Question 36

Functions of paranasal sinuses

Answer 36

 Lighten the skull  Give resonance and amplification to voice

Question 37

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone

Answer 37

Hyoid Bone

Question 38

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones - Soft spots -Allow the brain to grow and for easier delivery - Convert to bone within 24 months after birth

Answer 38

Fontanelles

Question 39

separated by intervertebral discs

Answer 39

Vertebrae

Question 40

Forms a cage to protect major organs

Answer 40

Bony thorax

Question 41

Bony thorax is made up of three parts

Answer 41

Sternum Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 42

bones of the Limbs (appendages) Pectoral girdle, Pelvic girdle

Answer 42

126 bones

Question 43

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Composed of two bones

Answer 43

Clavicle - collarbone Scapula - Scapula

Question 44

The arm is formed by a single bone

Answer 44

Humerus

Question 45

The forearm has two bones

Answer 45

Ulna and Radius

Question 46

Hip bones composed of three pair of fused bones

Answer 46

Ilium Ischium Pubic bone

Question 47

The thigh has one bone, the heaviest and strongest bone in the body

Answer 47

Femur (Thigh bone)

Question 48

The leg has two bones

Answer 48

Tibia and Fibula

Question 49

Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches

Answer 49

Two longitudinal One transverse

Question 50

Articulations of bones

Answer 50

Joints

Question 51

Ways joints are classified

Answer 51

- Functionally - Structurally

Question 52

immovable joints

Answer 52

Synarthroses

Question 53

slightly moveable joints

Answer 53

Amphiarthroses

Question 54

freely moveable joints

Answer 54

Diarthroses

Question 55

Generally immovable

Answer 55

Fibrous joints

Question 56

Immovable or slightly moveable

Answer 56

Cartilaginous joints

Question 57

Freely moveable

Answer 57

Synovial joints

Question 58

Bones united by fibrous tissue

Answer 58

Fibrous Joints

Question 59

Bones united by fibrous tissue examples

Answer 59

Sutures in skull Syndesmoses

Question 60

Bones connected by cartilage

Answer 60

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 61

Cartilaginous Joints example

Answer 61

Pubic symphysis - pelvis Intervertebral joints - spinal column

Question 62

Bones connected by cartilage

Answer 62

Pubic symphysis - pelvis Intervertebral joints – spinal column

Question 63

– flattened fibrous sacs  Lined with synovial membranes  Filled with synovial fluid

Answer 63

Bursae

Question 63

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

Answer 63

Tendon Sheath