Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Skeletal Systems > Flashcards

Skeletal Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of the upper and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cartilage

A

Avascular form of connective tissue consisting of extracellular fibers embedded in a matrix that contains cells localized in small cavities. Nourished by diffusion (no blood vessels, lymphatics, or nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of cartilage (3)

A
  1. Support soft tissue
  2. Provide smooth, gliding surface for bone articulations at joints
  3. Enable the development and growth of long bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common type of cartilage; Matrix contains a moderate amount of collagen fibers (i.e. articular surfaces of bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Matrix contains collagen fibers along with a large number of elastic fibers, (i.e. external ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Matrix contains a limited number of cells and ground substance amidst a substantial amount of collagen fibers (i.e. intervertebral discs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bone

A

Calcified, living, connective tissue that forms the majority of the skeleton. Consists of intercellular calcified matrix which also contains collagen fibers and several types of cells within the matrix. Vascular and innervated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bone functions (5)

A
  1. Supportive structure for body
  2. Protectors of vital organs
  3. Reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus
  4. Levers on which muscles act to produce movement
  5. Containers for blood-producing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compact Bone

A

Dense bone that forms outer shell of all bones and surrounds spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spongy Bon

A

Consists of spicules of bone enclosing cavities containing blood-forming cells (marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Long bones

A

Tubular (humerus, femor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Short bones

A

Cuboidal (bones of wrist and ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flat bones

A

Consist of two compact bone plates separated by spongy bone (skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones with various shapes (bones of face)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Round or oval bones that develop in tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous connective tissue membrane that surrounds bones except in area of joint where articular cartilage is present. Required for bone to survive. Receives blood vessels whose branches supply outer layers of compact bone. Supplied with numerous sensory nerve fibers (unlike bone itself) and very sensitive to any type of injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bone comes from ____

A

From mesenchyme by either

  1. Intramembranous ossification (mesenchymal models of bone undergo ossification)
  2. Endochondral ossification (cartilaginous models of bones form from mesenchyme and undergo ossification)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Red marrow

A

aka Myeloid Tissue
Most marrow is red at birth.
Give rise to red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells arise.
More red marrow is converted into yellow marrow within the medulla of the long and flat bones.

20
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Dominated by large fat globules

Makes a few white cells

21
Q

Hemopoietic stem cells

A

Stem cells of bone marrow that give rise to white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

22
Q

Mesenchymal stem cells

A

Stem cells of bone marrow that differentiate into structures that form bone, cartilage, and muscle

23
Q

Bone fractures typically caused by

A

Abnormal load or stress, poor quality (osteoporosis)

24
Q

Avascular necrosis

A

Cellular death of bone resulting from a temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone

25
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone mineral density is significantly reduced, common in postmenopausal women

26
Q

Factors leading to osteoporosis

A

Poor diet, steroid usage, smoking, premature ovarian failure

27
Q

Synovial joints

A

Connections between skeletal components where the elements involved are separated by a narrow articular cavity.
Described based on shape and movement

28
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Covers articulating surfaces of skeletal elements in synovial joints

29
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Attaches to margins of the synovial joint surfaces at the interface between the cartilage and bone and encloses the articular cavity

30
Q

Fibrous membrane

A

Formed by dense connective tissue and surrounds and stabilizes the synovial joint, parts may thicken to form ligaments

31
Q

Joint capsule

A

Consists of an inner synovial membrane and an outer fibrous membrane

32
Q

Articular discs

A

Absorb compression forces, adjust to changes in the contours of joint surfaces during movements, and increase the range of movements that can occur at joints.

33
Q

Fat pads

A

Usually occur between the synovial membrane and the capsule and move into and out of regions as joint contours change during movement

34
Q

Plane joints

A

Allow sliding or gliding movements when one bone moves across the surface of another

35
Q

Hinge joints

A

Allow movement around one axis that passes transversely through the joint; permits flexion and extension

36
Q

Pivot joints

A

Allow movement around one axis that passes longitudinally along the shaft of the bone; permit rotation

37
Q

Bicondylar joints

A

Allow movement mostly in one axis with limited rotation around a second axis; formed by two convex condyles that articulate with concave or flat surfaces

38
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

A

Allow movement around two axes that are at right angles to each other; the articular surfaces are saddle shaped; permit flexion, extension, abdustion, adduction, and circumduction

39
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Allow movement around multiple axes; permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation

40
Q

Solid joint

A

Connections between skeletal elements where the adjacent surfaces are linked together either by fibrous connective tissue or by cartilage. More restricted movement

41
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous joint, occurs only in skull where adjacent bones are linked by a thin layer of connective tissue termed a sutural ligament

42
Q

Gomphoses

A

Fibrous joint, occur only between the teeth nd adjacent bone

43
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Fibrous joint, two adjacent bones are linked by a ligament

44
Q

Synchondroses

A

Cartilaginous joint, occurs where two ossification centers in a developing bone remain separated by a layer of cartilage.
Joints allow bone growth and eventually become completely ossified

45
Q

Symphyses

A

Cartilaginous joint, occurs where two separate bones are interconnected by cartilage

46
Q

Degenerative joint disease

A

Osteoarthritis or osteoarthrosis. Commonly caused by decreases in water and proteoglycan content within cartilage

47
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Technique of visualizing the inside of a joint using a small telescope placed through a tiny incision in the skin

Anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions