skeleton system Flashcards
(94 cards)
name the functions of the skeletal system
provides structure, support, and protection
essential for locomotion and movement
site of blood cell formation (i.e. hematopoiesis
storehouse for some inorganic minerals, especially calcium
indicator of sex, age, height, weight, racial background, and to some extent medical history
the bone shape classification that is longer than wide, cylindrical with a medullary cavity; main components of limbs.
the long bone
humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
the bone shape classification that is roughly cubical, found where mobility is needed, but space is limited
short bones (carpals and tarsals)
the bone shape classification that are relatively thin bones, with broad surfaces for muscle attachment and/or protection of underlying organs
Flat Bones
frontal, parietal, innominate, ribs and scapula
the bone shape classification of irregular shape with numerous projections
Irregular bones
sphenoind and scapula
the bone shape classification that has bones containing sizable air spaces; only found in some bones of the skull; reduces weight of the skull, thus reducing the need for large neck muscles.
Pneumatic bones
frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, mastoid process
the bone shape classification that are small round bones embedded within a tendon and alter the angle of muscle attachment to increase mechanical leverage
Sesamoid Bones
patella, and sesamoids of the hands and feet
the carpals and tarsals are classified as what type of bone?
Short bones
the frontal bone of the skull fits into what two types of bone?
flat and pneumatic bone types
the bone shape classification that is abnormal bone growth from existing normal bone
accessory bone
bone spurs
the bone shape classification that is abnormal bone, formed entirely within soft tissue.
Heterotropic bone (some types of kidney stones, gall stones, muscle or tendon calcification)
what bones or groups of bones comprise the axial skeleton?
Skull, Hyoid, Vertebral column, Sternum, Ribs
how many bones comprise the Skull?
28 bones
Neurocranium: 8 bones
Facial skeleton: 14 bones
Auditory Ossicles: 6 bones
how many bones is the Hyoid?
1 bone
How many bone and what are the divisions of the vertebral column?
26 bones Cervical Vertebrae: 7 bones Thoracic Vertebrae: 12 bones Lumbar Vertebrae: 5 bones Sacrum: 1 bone Coccyx: 1 bone
how many bones comprises the sternum and what is it divided into?
1 bone
Manubrium
body of sternum (gladiolus)
xiphoid process
what bones or group of bones comprises the appendicular skeleton?
Shoulder girdle
Upper Extremity
Hip
Lower Extremity
how many bones make up the shoulder girdle?
2 bones each side;
for a total of 4 bones
how many bones or groups of bones comprise the upper extremity?
Arm (brachium) 1 bone each side, 2 bones total
forearm (antebrachium) 2 bones each, 4 total
Hand (manus) 27 bones a side, 54 total
30 bones for each side of upper extremity
what are the bone groups of the hand and how many bones in each group?
wrist (carpus): 8 bones side, 16 total
Palm (metacarpals): 5 bones side, 10 total
Fingers (phalanges): 14 bones side, 28 total
how many bones comprise the hip?
1 bone side, total 2
what bones or groups of bones comprise the lower extremity?
thigh: 1 bone side, 2 total
Leg: 3 bones side, 6 total
foot: 26 bones side, 52 total
30 bones of each side of lower extremity
what are the bone groups of the foot and how many in each group?
Ankle (tarsus): 7 bones side, 14 total
Metatarsals: 5 bones side, 10 total
Toes (phalanges): 14 bones side, 28 total
the bone shaft, primary center of ossification is known as?
Diaphysis
