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Health Assessment- Respiratory > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

what is the heaviest organ in the body

A

Skin Largest, heaviest organ—16% of body weight

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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

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3
Q

what are the endocrine glands

A

Apocrine gland
Eccrine gland
Sebaceous glands

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4
Q

what is the epidermis

A

superficial, thin layer of skin

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5
Q

epidermis

A

Contains 5 layers or strata – Outer layer is dead keratinized cells

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6
Q

what is the dermis

A

Thicker than epidermis ranging from 1‐4 mm – Multiple structures

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7
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Adipose tissue

Thins with aging

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8
Q

what are the multiple structure of the dermis

A

Vasculature

  • Apocrine glands—Axillary and
    groin.
  • Nerves – Open onto hair follicles
  • Hair follicles – Responsible for body odor – Arrector pili—goosebumps
  • Eccrine glands—sweat glands – Sebaceous glands—secrete fatty
    substance – Function cooling
  • Melanocytes
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9
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Axillary and
groin.

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10
Q

nerves

A

Open onto hair follicles

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11
Q

hair follicles

A

Responsible for body odor

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12
Q

another name for goose bumps

A

another name for Arrector pili

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13
Q

subcutaneous glands

A

secrete fatty
substance – Function cooling

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14
Q

Eccrine glands

A

another name for sweat glands

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15
Q

what is involved in a skin assessment

A

Color
* Moisture
* Temperature
* Texture
* Turgor
* Mobility
* Hygiene
* Lesions

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16
Q

what areas exposed and unexposed to sun

A

palms, soles,
hips, genitalia, & bony areas.

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17
Q

what do you look for in lighter skinned people

A

—assess at fingertips, nailbeds, lips
mucosa

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18
Q

what do you look for in dark skinned people

A

assess mucus membranes

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19
Q

how do you assess for jaundice

A

Use natural light

–Blanche

–Check sclera

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20
Q

what can diaphoresis tell us about

A

can indicate a fever or hypermetabolic state

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21
Q

Dry, parched & cracked lips may indicate________

A

What part of body indicates dehydration

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22
Q

how to assess temperature. what part of body

A

use back of hand

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23
Q

what to look for in texture of skin

A

Normal skin feels smooth & firm with an even surface.

–Most reliable place to check is inner aspect of the arm.

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24
Q

how do we assess turgor in adults

A

pinch skin under clavicle
* Tenting indicates pinch skin under clavicle

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25
what does tenting indicate
________ indicates dehydration
26
how do we assess turgor in infnats
pinch skin on lateral abdomen at line of umbilicus
27
what does hygiene tell us about
Mental, emotional health – Social determinants of health * Health disparities * Financial resources * Health insurance * Environmental factors—home, neighborhood, county
28
description of lesions
Shapes –Round –Target –Oval –Annular-ring
29
primary lesion
not changed, how it started
30
secondary lesion
how lesion changed
31
what to look for in lesions
Primary lesions—not changed, how it started * Secondary lesions—how lesion changed * Rash or growth * Size, depth, shape, and borders * Palpable or nonpalpable * Color, consistency, & smell * Tender or non‐tender * Fluid filled or not, type of fluid * Distribution & configuration
32
what are primary lesions
Macule * Papule * Nodule * Papulo‐squamous * Vesicle * Bulla—large blister * Pustule * Wheal—hives
33
macule
Flat * Not palpable
34
papule
Raised * Palpable * Less than 0.5 cm * Nodule –over 0.5 to 1 cm
35
Papulosquamous
Papular and squamous –“Squamous” is always scaly – Bumpy and scaly * This is an annular lesion –Note the ring shape
36
vesicle
Fluid filled blister * E.g. chickenpox, poison ivy
37
Bulla (plural: bullae)
Large vesicle * Over 0.5 cm
38
pustule
Vesicle filled with pus
39
wheal
Hives” * Circumscribed dermal edema * Scattered distribution * Usually allergic response
40
secondary lesions
Discoloration—Hyper‐or Hypopigmentation * Scale * Lichenification * Crust * Scab * Scar * Ulcer * Erosion * Fissure * Atrophy
41
purpura
rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels
42
basal cell carcinoma
80% skin cancers – Raised pearly borders, shiny and translucent –Slow growing –Rarely metastasis
43
Squamous cell
—scaly—6% –Ulcerated –can metastasize
44
melanoma
–4% –Rapid growth, spreads rapidly
45
melanoma risk factors
Red or light hair * Heavy sun exposure * History of multiple moles * Light eye or skin color * Family history of melanoma
46
ABCDE: Melanoma mnemonic
A: Asymmetry * B: Borders irregular * C: Color change * D: Diameter > 6 mm * E: Evolution—change in size, shape, symptoms
47
nails
Color * Condition * Shape * Angle of attachment * Abnormalities * Terms: –Ungual border –Nail matrix
48
what causes spoon nails or koilonychia
what it is called that causes Iron deficiency anemia * Hemachromatosis * Heart disease * Hypothyroidism sx in nails
49
what causes the condition of Beau’s lines in nails
What condition is called that causes Uncontrolled diabetes * Peripheral vascular disease * Illnesses associated with high fever * Zinc deficiency * Post‐injury
50
Onycholysis
The fingernails become loose and can separate from the nail bed * Can be caused by – Injury or repetitive trauma – Nail polish – Bacterial – Fungus—Onychomycosis – Thyroid disease – Vitamin or mineral deficiency – Medications
51
what causes nail pitting
Psoriasis * Connective tissue disorders –Reiters syndrome * Alopecia areata What body part does this cause
52
Alopecia
bald patch
53
What percentage is the skin total body weight
16% of total body weight
54
linchenification
d/t rubbing skin over wks or months
55
petechiae
tiny blood vessels under skin may be a blood disorder, ex, leukemia
56
what can a bruise (ecchymosis) tell us
intimate partner violence, child abuse
57
levi
hx of Mutiple moles
58
color eyes that are risk factors to melanoma
blue/green eyes
59
ungual border
refers to nails
60
nail matrix
where anil originates
61
degree where nail is clubbing
180 degrees
62
normal angle nail degree
160 degrees
63
what does hemachromatosis tell us about nails
inherited blood disorder
64
Beaus lines
indentation on nail
65
onychomycosis
fungus on nail
66
pediculosis
head lice
67

Health Assessment- Respiratory (6 decks)

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