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Term I: Histology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

-Stratum corneum -Stratum lucidum -Stratum granulosum -Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Basale

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2
Q

What occurs in the Stratum corneum?

A
  • 15-20 layers of squamous dead keratinized cells
  • Continuous shedding at epidermal surface because the desmosomes break down
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3
Q

What occurs in the Stratum lucidum?

A
  • Only in thick skin
  • Flattened keratinocytes
    • desmosomes still intact
    • no nuclei (dead)
    • No organelles
    • Packed keratin filaments
  • ​“Sequential march of death”
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4
Q

What occurs in the Stratum granulosum?

A

-Formation of a barier to penetration by most foreign materials via:

  • Keratinization of dense keratohyaline granules
  • Lamellar Granules which contain lipids, which are excreted as a barrier against water loss
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5
Q

What occurs in the Stratum spinosum?

A
  • Several layers of keratinocytes
  • Production of tonofibrils, which terminate at the desmosome (gives spiney look after fixation of tissue)
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6
Q

What occurs in the Stratum Basale?

A

-A single layer of stem cells tightly bound by desmosomes

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7
Q

What is the difference between thick and thin skin?

A

-Thick skin has extra layer, stratum lucidum -Think skin has much thinner layer of Stratum corneum

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of cells in the epidermis?

A

-Keratinocytes -Melanocytes -Langerhans cells -Merkel Cells

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9
Q

Match.

A

A. Stratum Corneum

B. Stratum Lucidum

C. Stratum Granulosum

D. Stratum Spinosum

E. Stratum Basale

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10
Q

Why do basal cell carcinoma’s rarely metastisize?

A

Because they are tightly bound to each other and the basal lamina via junctional complexes.

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11
Q

What are Tonofibrils?

A

Assembled keratin filaments in the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. Attach at the desmosomes.

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12
Q

In what layer of the skindo Langerhans cells reside?

A

The stratum spinosum

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13
Q

What is the cause of Psoriasis

A
  • Likely autoimmune
  • keratinocytes are produced at accelerated rates
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14
Q

What is the role of the dermis?

A
  • Support of the epidermis
    • Contains all the neurovascular elements of skin
  • Reinforces the dermal-epidermal junction with dermal papillae
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15
Q

What structures are contained within the reticular layer of the dermis?

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Sebaceous Glands
  • Sweat glands
  • Nerves
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16
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary layer
  2. Reticular layer
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17
Q

What is Bullous pemphigoid?

A
  • An autoimmune dizease in which the body attacks the proteins of the hemidesmosome
  • The epidermis lifts off from the basememt membrane, forming blisters
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18
Q

What is Pemphigus?

A
  • An autoimmune disease in which the body attacks desmosomal proteins
  • ungluing of the keratinocytes
  • Blisters form within the epidermis
    • break easily, forming crater
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19
Q

What is the purpose of the Hypodermis?

A
  • Binds skin to adjacent organs
  • Facilitates skin sliding over underlying organs
  • Highly vascularized
    • uptake of drugs
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20
Q

What are the two layers of the stratum corneum?

A
  1. Stratum Compactum
  2. Stratum Disjunctum
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21
Q

What anchors the dermis to the epidermis?

A

Type VII collagen inserts into the basal lamina layer of the basement membrane from the papillary layer

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22
Q

What are the two major plexuses of the Dermis?

A
  1. Subpapillary plexus
  2. deep plexus
23
Q

Subpapillary Plexus

A

Between papillary and reticular layer. Capillaries extend up into the dermal papillae

24
Q

Deep Plexus

A

Interface of the dermis and hypodermis

25
Q

Where will blood be shunted in the dermis if a human is cold?

A

to the deep plexus

26
Q

Melanocyte

A
  • Originate from neural crest
  • intermediate filament is vimentin
  • Live in the stratum basale
  • Produce black, brown, or red pigment
27
Q

Eumelanins

A

Black or brown pigment produced by melanocytes

28
Q

Pheomelanin

A

red pigment produced by melanocytes

29
Q

Epidermal-Melanin Unit

A
  • Melanocyte + long irregular cytoplasmic projections
  • Terminates in invaginations in the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
  • Produces melanosomes which are transferred to the keratinocyte via fusion
30
Q

What is the structure which melanosomes accumulate into in the keratinocyte?

A

the supranuclear cap

31
Q

What is the function of a Langerhans Cell?

A
  • Prevents microorganisms from penetrating the epidermis
  • Extend cytoplasmic projections between the keratinocytes of all layers
32
Q

Where do Langerhans Cells develop before migrating into the epithelium?

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

What happens to Langerhans Cells upon antigen capture?

A

They leave and travel to the lymph node where they initiate an immune response

34
Q

What are the three types of unencapsulated sensory receptors of the skin?

A
  1. Merkel cells
  2. Free nerve endings
  3. Root hair plexus
35
Q

Where are merkel cells located?

What do they do?

A
  • The stratum basale of the epidermis
  • They sense light touch and texture
36
Q

Where do free nerve endings of the skin live?What do they sense?

A
  • Papillary dermis layer
  • Temperature, pain, itching, touch
37
Q

Where does the root hair plexus live?

What does it do?

A
  • the Reticular dermis, surrounding base of hair follicles
  • Detects movement of hairs
38
Q

Where do merkel cells originate?

A

same stem cells as keratinocytes

39
Q

List the encapsulated sensory receptors of the skin.

A
  • meissners corpuscles
  • Pacinian corpuscles
  • Krause end bulbs
  • Ruffini corpuscles
40
Q

Sebaceous release sebum with what type of secretion?

A

Holocrine secretion

41
Q

What is the purpose of sebaceous glands?

A
  • to maintain the stratum corneum
  • Has antibacterial/fungal properties
42
Q

What is an eccrine gland?

A

sweat gland, widely distributed

43
Q

What are the three cell types of Eccrine Glands?

A
  1. Clear cells
  2. Dark cells
  3. Myoepithelial cells
44
Q

What do the clear cells of the eccrine gland do?

A

produce sweat from interstitial fluid from the blood vessels in the dermis

45
Q

What do the dark cells of the eccrine gland do?

A

release a mixture of glycoproteins with antibacterial properties

46
Q

What to the myoepithelial cells of the eccrine gland do?

A

Contract to move watery secretion into the duct

47
Q

What is an apocrine gland?

A

A sweat gland located primarily in the axilla and perineal areas.

48
Q

Why are apocrine glands misnamed?

A

They actually use merocrine secretion

49
Q

Do melanocytes have desmosomes?

A

No

50
Q

What type of secretion do melanocytes perform?

A

Cytocrine secretion

51
Q

Why is melanoma so dangerous?

A

Melanocytes don’t have desmosomes to prevent metastasis

52
Q

Where do Meissners corpuscles reside?

A

Dermal papillae of the fingertips, palms, and soles

53
Q

Where do krause end bulbs live?

A

Skin of penis and clitoris

54
Q

Where are pacinian corpuscles located?

A

Deep in reticular dermis and hypodermis

Term I: Histology (15 decks)

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