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Pathology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Erythematous papules and plaques with characteristic silvery scaling

A

Psoriasis

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2
Q

It demonstrates histologic epidermal proliferation with acanthosis and highly characteristic parakeratosis

A

Psoriasis

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3
Q

Increased thickness of the stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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4
Q

Hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei of keratinocytes

A

Parakeratosis

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5
Q

Thickening of the epidermis

A

Acanthosis

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6
Q

Epidermal intercellular edema with widening of intercellular spaces

A

Spongiosis

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7
Q

Separation of epidermal cells, one from the other; cells appear to float within extracellular fluid

A

Acantholysis

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8
Q

Accentuation of skin markings caused by scratching

A

Lichenification

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9
Q

The formation of severe intraepidermal bullae with prominent intraepidermal acantholysis, sparing of the basal layer and IgG autoantibodies directed against the epidermal intercellular cement substance are characteristics of this condition

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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10
Q

Autoimmune disorder characterized by subepidermal bullae, with inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils in the surrounding dermis and IgG autoantibodies directed against epidermal basement membrane.

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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11
Q

Recurrent pruritic blistering disorder that is commonly associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease)

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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12
Q

It is most characteristically associated with a “target” lesion resembling an archer’s bull’s eye.

A

Erythema multiforme

There is usually hypersensitivity to coexistent infectious agents, various drugs, a concomitant connective tissue disorder, or an associated malignancy.

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13
Q

A melanin dysfunction that is limited to the eyes.

A

Ocular albinism

X-linked disorder

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14
Q

A melanin synthetic defect that involves the eyes, skin, and hair

A

Oculocutaneous albinism

Autosomal recessive

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15
Q

A melanin dysfunction that predisposes to actinic keratosis, basal and squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma because of sensitivity of skin to sunlight.

A

Oculocutaneous albinism

Autosomal recessive

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16
Q

This acquired loss of melanocytes in discrete areas of skin appears as depigmented white patches.

A

Vitiligo

May be autoimmune; abtimelanocyte antibodies

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17
Q

Produced by an increase of melanin pigment within basal keratinocytes.

A

Freckle (ephelis)

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18
Q

A pigmented macule caused by melanocytic hyperplasia in the epidermis

A

Lentigo

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19
Q

Common mole

A

Melanocytic nevus

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20
Q

Nevus that is present at birth characterized by nodular foci of dendritic, highly pigmented melanocytes in the dermis

A

Blue nevus

21
Q

Benign nevus characterized by spindle-shaped cells that may be confused for malignant melanoma

A

Spitz nevus (juvenile melanoma)

22
Q

This is an atypical, irregularly pigmented lesion with disorderly proliferation of melanocytes, dermal fibrosis, and often subjacent dermal lymphocytic infiltration.

A

Dysplastic nevusa

Transform into malignant melanoma

23
Q

This irregular macular pigmented lesion on sun-exposed skin is characterized by atypical melanocytes at the epidermal–dermal junction.

A

Lentigo maligna (Hutchinson freckle)

Nonfamilial precursor of lentigo maligna melanoma

24
Q

Umbilicated, dome-shaped papules are characteristics of thus contagious viral disorder.

A

Molluscum contagiosum

25
Q

Vacuolated cells (koilocytes) in the granular cell layer of the epidermis are characteristics of this viral disease

A

Verruca vulgaris (common wart)

26
Q

Skin tag

A

Acrochordon (fibroepithelial polyp)

27
Q

Intertwining bundles of collagen and fibroblasts are characteristics of this benign neoplasm of the skin

A

Dermatofibroma

28
Q

This extremely common benign neoplasm of older persons manifests as sharply demarcated raised papules or plaques with a typical pasted-on appearance; lesions occur on the head, trunk, and extremities.

A

Seborrheic keratosis

Aka senile keratosis

29
Q

The characteristic appearance of this low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma is of a dome-shaped nodule bearing a central crater filled with keratinaceous material.

A

Keratoacanthoma

30
Q

This premalignant epidermal lesion is caused by chronic excessive exposure to sunlight.

A

Actinic keratosis

31
Q

This disorder is sometimes a marker of visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus) and is often seen in the setting of diabetes and other endocrinopathies.

A

Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis and hyperpigmentation, most often involving flexural areas, are characteristic.

32
Q

Small, blood-filled capillaries lined with a single layer of endothelium

A

Capillary hemangioma

33
Q

Hemangioma chracterized by purple red-area on the face and neck

A

Port wine stain, a capillary hemangioma

Strawberry hemangioma: bright-red raised lesion
Cherry hemangioma: small, dome-shaped red papule

34
Q

Large, endothelium-lined spaces in the dermis and subdermis

A

Cavernous hemangioma

35
Q

This disorder involves port-wine stain of the face, ipsilateral glaucoma, vascular lesions of ocular choroidal tissue, and extensive hemangiomatous involvement of meninges.

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Clinical manifestations include convulsions, mental retardation, and retinal detachment.

36
Q

Skin tumor that frequently originates in a preexisting actinic keratosis.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

37
Q

Skin malignancy that most often presents as a scaling, indurated, ulcerated nodule; invasion of dermis by sheets and islands of neoplastic epidermal cells, often with keratin “pearls,” is characteristic.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Involves usually the LOWER part of the face
BCC- involves the UPPER part of the face

38
Q

The most common of all malignant skin tumors.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

No metastasis

39
Q

Skin tumor that grossly presents as a pearly papule, often with overlying telangiectatic vessels; characterized by clusters of darkly staining basaloid cells with a typical palisade arrangement of the nuclei of the cells at the periphery of the tumor cell clusters

A

Basal cell carcinoma

40
Q

The most important prognostic variable for malignant melanoma is

A

tumor thickness

41
Q

Growth phase of malignant melanoma that occurs in all directions but is predominantly lateral within the epidermis and papillary zone of the dermis.

A

Radial phase (initial)

42
Q

Growth phase of malignant melanoma that extends into the reticular dermis or beyond

A

Vertical (later phase)

43
Q

Growth phase of malignant melanoma that do not metastasize

A

Radial phase

Vertical phase - metastasis

44
Q

Variant of melanoma that develops from preexisting Hutchinson freckle

A

Lentigo maligna melanoma

45
Q

The most common of the variants of melanoma.

A

Superficial spreading melanoma

46
Q

Variant of melanoma that has the poorest prognosis

A

Nodular melanoma

begins with the vertical growth phase

47
Q

Variant of melanoma that most often appears on the hands and feet of dark-skinned persons.

A

Acral-lentiginous melanoma

48
Q

An aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy that typically arises on the head and neck skin of the elderly and grossly appears as a red or violaceous nodule or plaque.

A

Merkel cell carcinoma

49
Q

In addition to immunostaining for neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin), perinuclear “dot-like” staining with cytokeratin 20 is characteristic of this skin malignancy.

A

Merkel cell carcinoma

Pathology (8 decks)

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