Skin Flashcards
(325 cards)
1
Q
Cause of pustules
A
Leukocyte infiltrate
2
Q
Characteristics of equine melanomas
A
Grey horses - lesions are usually progressive and mulicentric
3
Q
Chemical Burns
A
Caused by body or wound secreations, application of drugs, exposure to acids, alkalies, soaps, detergents, or irritant plants
4
Q
Type IV Hypersensitivity
A
Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity
Manifestation = contact dermatitis, tubercular leasion and graft rejections
5
Q
Melanoma
A
Dog, Horse, Angora Goat
Usually dark brown
Location, size, mitotic index, and cell morphology may help predict behavior
6
Q
Suppurative/Pustular/Exudative/Neutrophilic lesions are associated with what types of disease
A
Bacterial
Auto-Immune
7
Q
Disease and cause
A
Sarcoptic Mange
Sarcoptes scabiei
8
Q
Histologic characteristics of allergic skin disease
A
Lymphocyte and eosinophillic dermatitis
9
Q
A
Scale
10
Q
Gross appearance of Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
A
Depigmentation
Erythema
Scaling
Erosion
Ulceration
Crusting
11
Q
Pathological processes that could cause scale
A
Inflammation and Repair
Disorders of growth
12
Q
MDx
A
Ulcerative/Exudative dermatitis
13
Q
MDx
A
Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis
14
Q
Pathogenesis of sarcoptic mange
A
- Burrow into stratum corneum
- Intesnse pruritis through hypersensitivity mechanism
- Self trauma, chronic irritation
- Hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia
15
Q
Histological appearance of acral lick dermatitis
A
Not really a granuloma!
Epidermal hyperplasia
Granulation tissue
Fibrosis
16
Q
Disease
A
Collagen Dysplasia
17
Q
Gross appearance of insect bite hypersensitivity
A
Often includes papules
18
Q
Disease
A
Zinc Responsive Dermatosis
19
Q
Vesicle / Bulla
A
Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid
Vesicle - < 1cm
Bulla - > 1cm
20
Q
Histological appearance of callus
A
Epidermal hyperplasia
21
Q
Calcificaion of skin
A
Most common forms observed int he skin are both classified as dystrophic calcification
Chalky white, gritty to hard texture
Calcinosis cutis vs Calcinosis circumscripta
22
Q
Disease
A
Hemangioma / Hemangiosarcoma
23
Q
Hemangioma - Hemangiosarcoma
A
Young adult dogs
Due to solar radiation
24
Q
Pox Virus Infections
A
Have gene product similar to epidermal growth factor → epidermal hyperplasia
Many cutaneous lesions only, some systemic and fatal
25
Plaque
26
Sarcoptic Mange
Highly contagious and zoonotic
Chronic dermatitis
27
Gross lesion progression from solar injury
Erythema → Blistering/Vesicles → Sloughing of necrotic skin
28
MDx
Neutrophilic / exucative dermatitis/folliculitis
29
Disease
Histiocytoma
30
Congential Hypopigmentation
Inherited lack of melanocytes
Piebalism
Albinism
31
Pathogenesis of Erythema Multifome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Thought to involve type IV hypersensitivity towards antigens or the surface of keratinocytes inducing apoptosis
32
Disease
Sebacious Adenoma
33
Canine Leproid Granuloma
Mycobacterial Dermatitis
Transmission = fly bites?
Nodules involving dorsal pinna, less commonly other distal extremities
Short coated breeds - boxer
Self limiting
34
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis
35
Mdx
Cutaneous Infarcts
36
Dermatophytosis
Contagious - acquired by contact with scales shed from infected animals
Colonize keratin, do not need to invade tissue to cause disease
Self limiting in healthy animals, can become chronic/generalized in immunocompromised animals
37
Predisposing factors to dermatophytosis
Young or immunocompromised
Hot/humid environments
38
Melanin synthesis
* Tyrosine → dihydroxyphenylalanine by Tyrosinase
* Dihydroxyphenylalanine → melanin
* Melanin packaged into melanosomes
* Melanosomes transferred to epithelial cells or melanophages
39
Disease
Actinomycete Mycetomas
40
Wheal
Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient
41
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
Type I and or Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
React to saliva of insect
Distribution depend on areas favored by insect - can become generalized
42
MDx
Ulcerative dermatitis/ cheilitis
43
Disease
Pyotraumatic Dermatitis
44
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
Cats
Not a disease - Pattern of lesions
Indolent ulcer
Eosinophillic plaque
Eosinophilic granuloma
45
MDx
Chronic locally extensive cutaneous ulcer
46
Disease
Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores
47
Actinomycete Mycetomas
Bacteria introduced by traumatic injury
Form large clumps - grossly evident as "sulfur granules"
Nodules, ulceration, draining sinuses, involvement of unerlying bone
48
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
Usually secondary condition
Bacterial infection of superficial follicles and adjacent skin
49
What secondary condition is commonly associated with flea bite hypersensitivity
Pyotraumatic dermatitis - secondary to self trauma associated with pyoderma
50
Ulcer
51
Vesicle / Bulla
52
Disease and Cause
Purpura hemorrhagica
Streptococcus equi
53
Disease
Equine Sarcoid
54
Scale
Accumulation of loose keratinized cells
55
Granulomatous lesions are associated with what type of diseases
"Higher" Bacteria
Mycobacteria
Fungal
Foreign Substance
56
Nodules
Palpable, solid elevated mass \> 1 cm and deeper than papules
57
Conditions grossly indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
Demodicosis
Dermatophytosis
58
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Verrucous and ulcerated
Poorly pigmented, sparsley haired, sun exposed areas
59
Causative agent of what disease
Dermatophilosis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dermatophilus congolensis
60
Cause of Canine Leproid Granuloma
Saprophytic mycobacteria
61
Lichenification
Thickening and hardening of the skin
62
Localized Hyperpigmentation
Chronic inflammation or physical irritation
Congenital
63
Superficial Pyoderma Diseases
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma - Bacterial Folliculitis
Impetigo - Superficial Pustular Dermatitis
Greasy Pig Disease
Dermatophilosis
64
Nodule
65
Histiologic changes that can lead to the formation of vesicle/bulla
Intercellular edema - "spongiosis"
Intracellular edema - "hydropic degeneration"
Disruption of intercellular junctions - "acantholysis"
66
67
T/F: Degenerative/Necrotic lesions are the only pathological processes that cause ulceration
False
68
Eosinophilic Granulomas
Grossly similar to non-eosinophilic granulomas
Often see collagenolysis due to proteolytic enzymes of eosinophil granules
69
Disease
Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
70
Disease
Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea
71
Cause of dermatophytosis
Epidermophyton microsporum
and
Trichophyton spp
72
Pathogenesis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Solar radiatoin, chronic injury commonly involved
73
Calcinosis circumscripta
Young, rapidly growing, large breed dogs
Single hard subcutaneous nodule, usually over pressure points or at previous site of trauma/injection
74
Disease
Allergic Skin Disease - Atopy
75
MDx
Exudative dermatitis
76
Mucinosis
Mucin is normally in the dermis - protein bound to hyaluronic acid
Thickened / puffy gelatinous skin
If severe can exude viscous fluid when pricked with needle
Prone to injury
77
Pathological processes that cause crust
Degeneration / Necrosis
Inflammation and Repair
Disorder of Growth
78
Crust
Dried exudate, serum, blood and scale that is adhered to the skin surface
79
Primary ____________ often lead to degeneration/necrosis
Circulatory disorders
80
Causes of Vesicles/ Bulla
Auto-Immune Dermatoses
Viral Infections
Chemical Irritants
Burns
81
Eosinophillic Granuloma
Nodules - may be ulcerated - on thighs, face or mouth
82
Mdx
Ulcerative dermatitis
83
Disease
Dermatophilosis
84
Cytology of Histocytoma
Round cells
Langerhans cell origin
85
Subepidermal Vesicle
Entire epidermis separates from the dermis and forms the roof
86
MDx
Grade II soft tissue sarcoma
87
Mdx
Generalized subcutaneous edema
88
Spongiosis
Intercellular Edema
89
Disease
Acral Lick Dermatitis
90
Feline Leprosy
Mycobacterial Dermatitis
Cats in cold, wet areas
91
Disease
Alopecia
92
Infarcts
Sharply demarcated geometrical shaped dark red to blue area
Becomes firm, dry, sunken, darkened - features of necrosis predominate
93
Disease
Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcoma
94
Mucinosis is seen with
Inherited in the Chinese Shar-Pei
Myxedema with Hypothyroidsim
95
Diagnostic tests used for Feline Leprosy
PCR
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Does not grow in culture
96
Pathogenesis of Solar Injury
* Direct cellular injury by ionizing radiation; endothelial damage and cytokine production may cause erythema of sunburn
97
MDX
Chronic and exudative dermatitis
98
Papule
99
Disease
Acral Lick Dermatitis
100
Vesicles are associated with what type of diseases
Viral Infections
101
Predisposing factors for dermatophilosis
Wet weather in humid climates ("rain rot")
Prolonged wetting of skin/hair/wool allows penetration of epidermis by zoospores
102
Zinc Reponsive Dermatosis
Scaling around mouth, chin, eyes, pressure points and pawpads
Arctic breeds due to inherited defect in zinc absorption
Rapidly growing large breeds due to low zinc diet
103
Disease
Hypopigmentation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Albinism
104
Pustule
105
Cutaneous Lymphomas
Poor prognosis
Epithelialtropic - T cells
Nonepitheliotropic - T or B cells
106
Crust
107
Epidermal Collarette
Circular rim of scale that occurs secondary to rupture of a vesicle, pustule or papule
108
Solar/Actinic Keratosis results in an increased risk for
Neoplasia due to direct DNA injury and subsequent mutations
109
Cause Actinomycete Mycetomas
Nocardia
Actinomyces sp
110
Hypopigmentation - Hypomelanosis
Melanocytopenic (decreased melanocytes) vs Melanopenic (decreased melanin)
Congenital vs Acquired
111
MDx
Eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis
112
Histiocytoma
Dogs - young
Head, ears, neck, distal forelimbs
Dome shaped
Benign often sponaneously regress
113
Later gross features of dermatitis
Scaling
Ulceration
Alopecia
Lichenification
Pigmentary change
Fibrosis/scarring
114
Greasy Pig Disease
Exudative Epidermitis
Fatal in neonatal pigs
Erythema → Pustule → Crust
115
Disease
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
116
Disease
Opportunistic mycobacteriosis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Organisms more often found extracellularly
117
Gross lesions associated with allergic skin disease
Lesions due to self-inflicted trauma - erythema, alopecia, excoriation
Lesions due to secondary pyoderma - papules, pustules, crusts
Lesions due to chronicity - lichenification, hyperpigmentatin, scaling
118
Dermatophilosis is caused by
119
Eosinophilic lesions are associated with what type of diseases
Allergy
Parasitic
120
Type I Hypersensitivity
IgE mediated hypersensitivity
Typical manifestation - systemic anaphylaxis and localized anaphylaxis
Allergy
121
Arabian Fading Syndrome
Horses with vitiligo
122
Pathogenesis of Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea
Thought to involve hyperproliferation of the epidermis, hair follicle infundibulum and sebaceous gland
123
Pathogenesis of Papillomas
Viral gene activate host tumor-suppressor proteins
124
Urticaria involves what skin layers
Superficial dermis
125
MDx
Pustular, exudative dermatitis/cheilitis
126
Deep Pyoderma diseases
Bacterial Furunculosis
Abscesses
127
MDx
Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis with intrafollicular mites and bacteria
128
Disease
Fungal dermatitis
129
Acanthosis
Increased thickness of stratums basale and spinosum
130
Second most common autoimmune skin disease
Discoid lupus erythematosis
131
Disease
Solar/Actinic Keratosis
132
Examples of benign skin disorders of growth
Nodular Hyperplasia
Hamartoma
Cysts
133
Dry from (seborrhea sica)
Dry skin and white to grey scales that exfoliate
134
Disease
Mast Cell Tumor
135
Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
Manifestation - localized arthus reaction and generalized reactions such as serum sickness, necrotizing vasculitis and glomrulonephritis
136
Pustules and Crust are indicative of what pathological process
Inflammation and Repair
137
Mdx
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
D/t Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease)
138
Calcinosis cutis
Associated with hyperadrenocorticism
Erythematous to white gritty plaques and nodules
139
MDx
Eosinophillic and granulomatous dermatitis
140
Vitiligo
Idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis (depigmentation)
Gradual expanding pale macules - symmetical
Genetic inheritance
141
Types of Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Fibrosarcoma
Nerve Sheath Tumor
Malignant Firbous Histiocytoma
Liposarcoma
Myxosarcoma
142
Mdx
Chronic dermatitis and cutaneous hyperpigmentation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
D/t chronic flea allergy dermatitis
143
Characteristics of canine melanomas
Oral, mucocutaneous, subungual lesions are typically malignant
Lesions on haired skin are often benign
144
Demodicosis
Lesions vary by host/mite species
Distribution on the body
Neutrophilic to granulomatous
In dogs - localized vs generalized form
145
Piebaldism
Foci of lack of melanocytes
146
Tissue Pigment
Melanin
147
Pathogenesis of pyotraumatic dermatitis
Self trauma → Bacterial infection
```
OR
Underlying pruruits (Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
```
148
Acquried Hypopigmentation
Copper deficiency
Destruction of melanocytes or melanin containing keratinocytes
149
Disease
Photosensitization
150
MDx
Multifocal exudative dermatitis
151
Pathogenesis of Frost Bite
* Formation of ice crystals which physically disrupt cells
* Vasoconstriction and endothelial damage
* Reduced blood flow
* Thrombosis
* Infarction
152
Plaques
Coalesced papules
153
Histological appearance of squamous cell carcinoma
Keratinizing squamous cells gone wild
154
Stain used to detect fungal dermatitis
GMS Stain
155
Pathogenesis of Intertrigo
* Closely apposed skin surfaces
* Frictional trauma
* Moisture
* Opportunistic bacterial infections
156
MDx
Papular, pustular dermatitis
157
Disease
Canine Leproid Granuloma
158
Causes of scale
Disorders of keratinization
Chronic dermatitis
159
Greasy Form (Seborrhea oleosa)
Excessive brown to yellow lipids
160
Disease
Actinomycete Mycetomas
161
Deep Pyoderma
Involes the deep dermis
162
Causes of lichenification
Chronic irritation/inflammation
163
Collagen Dysplasia
Cutaneous Astehenia, Dermatosparaxis, Ehlers-Danlos
Skin is hyperextensible
164
Disase
Lipoma
165
Mdx
Cutaneous calcification
166
MDx
Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis
167
Equine Sarcoid
Common in young adult horses
Frequently involve sites of previous wounds
Invasive, high rate of recurrance, but do not metastasize
Variable range from nodular to plaque like to wart like
168
Subcorneal Vesicle
Stratum corneum forms the roof of the vesicle
169
Disease
Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis
170
Pyotraumatic Dermatitis
Hot Spots
Very common in dogs
Moist, alopecic, slighly raised red well circumscribed lesions that lead to ulceration and crusting
171
Degernateive/Necrotic lesion become ____________ over time as normal response to injury.
Inflammation and Repair
172
Early gross features of dermatitis
Edema
Erythema
+/- pustules, crust vesicles
173
Special stain used to disagnose what disease
Zn Stain
Canine Leproid Granuloma
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Stain shows acid fast bacilli within macrophages
174
Eosinophillic Plaque
Discrete red to ulcerated plaques on abdomen or medial thigh
175
Diagnostic technique used for opportunistic mycobacteriosis
Culture and Sensitvity
176
Causes of eosinophilic granulomas
Parasite infection
Insect bite hypersensitivity
Foreign body reaction
177
Most degeneration and necrosis skin cases have what features
Bacterial infection
Epidermal necrosis/ulceration
Leukocyte infiltrate
Thrombosis
178
Pemphigus Foliaceious
Group of autoimmune diseases involving type II hypersensitivity against cell adhesion proteins (desmosomes)
Most common and milder form of pemphigus
Involves the face, ears, footpads and clawbeds
Vesicles, pustules, crusts, ulcers
Can be spontaneous, drug induced or associated with allergic skin disease
179
Hydropic Degeneration
Intracellular Edema
180
Disease
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
181
Cause of demodicosis
Demodex spp mite
182
Histologic findings of puppy strangles
Pyogranulomatous dermatitis
Panniculitis
+/- lymphadenitis
183
Papule
Palpable, solid, elevated mass \< 1 cm diameter
184
Pyoderma
Clinical term encompassing several diseases
"Pus in the skin"
Usually bacterial infection involved
185
MDx
Pustular to exudative dermatitis
186
Generalized Hyperpigmentation
Endcrine dermatosis - change in [tyrosinase]
Acanthosis nigricans - genetically determinded disease
187
Characteristics of 3rd degree thermal burns
Full thickness epidermis and dermis +/- subcutis
Sloughing of necrotic tissue, followed by granulation tissue
Scar; life threatening - fluid/protein loss and portal for sepsis
188
Disease
Pox Virus
189
Disease and Cause
Hypotrichosis - Singy Calf
In utero BVD Infection
190
MDx
Neutrophilic dermatitis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Seen with intertrigo
191
Mdx
Multifocal cutaneous ecchymotic hemorrhages
192
Miliary Dermatitis
Cats
Not a disease - Pattern of lesions
Small crusty erythematous papules
Associated with allergic skin disease
193
Disease
Frost bite
194
Pathological processes that could cause ulcers
Degeneration/Necrosis
Inflammation and Repair
Circulatory Disorders
Disorders of Growth
195
Fungal Dermatitis
"Swamp Cancer"
Uncommon
Clinically resembles neoplasia... invasive lesions, involvement of regional lymph nodes
196
Suprabasal vesicle
Portion of the epidermis forms the roof
197
Depigmentation are characteristically what type of lesions
Immune mediated inflammatory lesions
198
Proliferative lesions are associated with what type of disease
Viral
199
Callus
200
Disease
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
201
Disease
Puppy Strangles
202
Pathogenesis of purpura hemorrhagica
Type III hypersensitivity immune mediated vasculitis
203
Causes of Infarcts
Vascultitis
Frost Bite
Toxins causing extreme vasconstriction (ergot)
204
Mdx
Eosinophillic dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Consistent with allergic skin disease
205
Disease
Insect bite hypersensitivity
206
Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis
Mycobacterial Dermatitis
Cause atypical mycobacteria
Facultative saprophytes - inhabitants of soil, water and decomposing vegetation
Rapid vs Slow Growing
Infection occur via wound contamination or traumatic implantation
207
Interface lesions are associated with what type of diseases
Auto Immune
208
Purpura hemorrhagica
Red or purple macules or patches (hemorrhage or infarct) in the skin or mucous membranes
209
Cause of ulcers
Secondary to:
Epidermial necrosis
Inflammation
Infarction
Neoplasia
210
Histological appearance of insect bite hypersensitvity
May have eosinophilic pustules, folliculitis or granulomas
211
Disease and cause
Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease
BHV-2
212
MDx
Epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis and elastosis
213
Disease
Papilloma
214
Disease
Demodicosis
215
Pattern
Milliary Dermatitis
216
Disease
Intertrigo
217
MDx
Pustular Dermatitis
218
Pustule
Palpable elevation filled with pus
219
Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
Induction/ exacerbation by UV light
Dorsal nose and nasal planum, pinnae, lips, periocular resion, oral mucosa
220
Puppy Strangles - Juvenile Sterile Granulomatous Dermatitis
Pups \< 4 months old
One or mre in litter
Pathogenesis unknown
Pustules, nodules, swelling of face, ears, mucocutaneous junctions
Fever and joint pain
221
Pathogenesis of primary photosensitization
* UV Light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in the skin
* Free radical damage
* Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
222
Causes of papules
Infiltrate of inflammatory cells
Infiltrate of neoplastic cells
Epidermal hyperplasia
Depostis of mineral
223
Pathogenesis of Urticaria
Type I and III hypersensitivity ; mast cell degranulation causes focal edema, congestion and pruritis
224
Mast Cell Tumor
Dogs - behavior vaires with grade but all considered potentially malignant
Cats and Horses - benign
Can look like anything
Often resembles inflammtion
225
What special stain is used and what is it used to diagnose?
GMS or Grocott -Silver Stains
226
Diagnose Canine Leproid Granuloma
Histopathology
PCR- if needed
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Difficult to culture
227
Disease
Feline Leprosy
228
Causes of crust
Severe disorders of keratinization
Severe pustular dermatitis
Secondary to ulcers
229
Callus
Raised, irregular patch of thickened skin developing from chronic friction, usually over pressure points
230
Idiopathic Sterile Granuloma and Pyogranuloma Syndrome
Rare
Cause unknown
Diagnosis of exclusion
231
Solar Injury
Acute UV light exposure leads to sunburn
232
Skin infections typically involve what bacterial species
Staphylococcus sp
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Exception - opportunistic gram negatives, and cases of dermatophilosis
233
Disease
Arabian Fading Syndrome
234
Wheal
235
Atopy
Type I hypersensitivity to environmental allergens
Distribution on ventrum, face and distal extremities
236
Alopecia can be due to
Endocrine disorders
Hair cycle abnormalities
Excessive grooming
Self trauma
Autoimmune
General poor nutrition
Hyperkeratosis
Cicatricial alopecia
237
Contact Dermatitis
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction - exposure via direct contact
Low molecular weight haptens present in chemicals require binding to cell associated proteins prior to being recognized by CD8+ T Lymphocytes
Distribution depends on site of contact - often poorly haired areas
238
Disease
Greasy Pig Disease
239
Diagnosis of Atopy
Intradermal Skin Testing
240
Mdx
Proliferative dermatitis with "ballooning degeneration" and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Consistant with swine pox infection
241
Disease and Cause
"Diamond Skin Disease"
E. rhusiopathiae
242
Histological appearance of equine sarcoid
Composed of both epithelial and dermal components - need biopsy that is not ulcerated to diagnose
243
Papillomas
Benign, spontaneously regress
Horny cauliflower like mass
Caused by papilloma virus
244
Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis
Dermal fibrosis and comedones
245
Allergic skin disease can be due to
Atopy
Food Allergy
Contact Hypersensitivity
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
246
Disease and Cause
Impetigo - Superficial Pyoderma
Bacterial infection secondary to immunosuppression/debilitation
247
Mdx
Dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia
248
Greasey Pig Disease is caused by
Staphylococcus hyicus
249
Indolent Ulcer
Ulcers on upper lips
250
Acral Lick Dermatitis
Lick Granuloma
Common in dogs
Extremities - circumscribed, hairless, and ulcerated
251
Thermal Burns
Caused by exposure to excessive heat - hot liquids, flames, friction, electricity, heating pads, blow dryers, drying cages, and lightning
252
Disease
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
253
MDx
Chronic Dermatitis
254
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
More severe than Erythema Multiforme
Sheets of apoptotic/necrotic cells resembling a burn
255
Cause of purpura hemorrhagica
Streptococcus equi infection
256
Pattern
Eosinophilic granuloma complex
257
Pathological process that cuases pustules
Inflammation and Repair
258
Mdx
Deep pyoderma with bacterial furunculosis
Chin acne
259
Erythema Multiforme
Milder than Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Single cell apoptosis +/- lymphocyte satellitosis
260
Mdx
Multifocal cutaneous edema and congestion
261
Portals for bacterial infection of skin
Pores - Follicular Openings
Hematogenous Spread
Direct entry through damaged skin
262
Superficial Pyoderma
Epidermis and hair follicles
263
Lipoma
Benign Growth of Dogs \> Cats
Looks and feels like fat, only forming a nodule
264
MDx
Eosinophilic pustular dermatitis with intralesional acantholytic keratinocytes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Pemphigus folliaceious
265
Mdx
Granulomatous dermatitis
266
Disease
Ichthyosis
267
Disease
Acute Solar Injury
268
Two forms of epidermal hyperplasia
Acanthosis
Hyperkeratosis
269
Cause of Sarcoptic Mange
Sarcoptes scabiei
270
Cause of acral lick dermatitis
Persistant chewing or licking
271
Type III (Hepatogenous) photosensitization can be caused by
Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin - product of rumenal chlorophyll transformation
Toxins causing biliary obstruction
272
Disease
Melanoma
273
Histologic appearance of discoid lupus erythematosisi
Interface dermatitis
274
Dermatophilosis
Lesions on back or distal extremities
Stimulate neutrophilic exocytosis
Pustule → Exudate → Matting of hair/wool → Alopecia
275
Mdx
Granulomatous dermatitis
276
Predisposing factors of bacterial infection of skin
Allergy
Disorders of keratinization - seborrhea
Immunodeficiency
Anatomic predispostion
277
Hyperpigmentation - Hypermelanosis
Usually increase in amount of melanin rather than number of melanocytes
Generalized vs localized
278
Causes of fungal dermatitis
Pythium
Lagenidium spp
279
Mdx
Papular dermatitis
280
Type I (Exogenous) Photosensitization can be caused by
Drugs or chemicals containing photosensitive chemicals
St Johns Wort, Lucerne, Perennial Ryegrass
TMS, Quinolones, Griseofulvin
281
Localized form of demodicosis
Lesions present on forelimbs and face
Young dogs
Self limiting
282
Angioedema involves what layers of the skin
Dermis and Subcutis
283
Pathological process that could cause lichenification
Inflammation and repair
284
Disease
Flea Bite Hypersensitivity
285
Frost bite
Lesions in cold exposed extremiteis
Caused by exposure to cold temperature
286
Why are bacterial skin infections common in dogs?
Thin stratum corneum
Lack of lipid seal of hair follicles
High skin pH
287
Mdx
Chronic dermatitis
288
Albinism
Melanocytes present but defect to synthesize melanin; color dilution is a mild form
289
Diagnosis of fungal dermatitis
Cultrue and PCR
290
Sebaceous Adenoma
Benign growth of dogs
White-yellow, greasy, cauliflower-like
291
Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis
Dermal Elastosis
292
Characteristics of 1st degree thermal burns
Epidermis
Reddend/darkened necrotic epidermis
Complete healing
293
Urticaria - "Hives"
Localized areas of edema
Triggered by food, drugs, antisera, insect stings, etc
294
Characterisitcs of 2nd degree thermal burns
Epidermis and dermis
Vesicle formation
Some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regeneration with some scarring
295
MDx
Pyogranulomatous dermatitis
296
Causes of developmental anomalies
Genetic defect
In utero infection
In utero exposure to teratogen
297
Diagnostic techniques for Canine Superficial Speading Pyoderma
Cytology of pustule/crust
Woods Lamp
Fungal Culture
Skin Scrape
298
MDx
Pustular, exudative dermatitis
299
Acantholysis
Disruption of intercellular junctions
300
Pathogenesis of secondary photosensitization
* Light activates agents
* Free radical damage
* Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
301
What pathological process causes vesicles/bulla
Degeneration / Necrosis
OR
Inflammation and Repair
302
Type II (Intrinsic) Photosensitization can be caused by
Porphyria
Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthetase
Defect in heme synthesis
Buildup of porphyrins
303
Mdx
Vesiculo-ulcerative dermatitis
304
Mdx
Superficial spreading pyoderma - a superficial pyoderma with bacterial folliculitis
305
Cause
Primary hemostasis defect - vasculitis vs thrombocytopenia
306
Sequence of lesion in pox viral infections
Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Umbilicated Pustule → Crust → Scar
307
Characteristics of skin lesions caused by circulatory disorders
Discrete reddened areas
Lesions follow a linear pattern
Lesions are in geometrical shapes
Vascular lesions result in ischemia
308
Equine sarcoid is caused by
Bovine Papilloma Virus
309
Factors that influence production of melanin
Hormones
Genes
Age
Inflammation
310
Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea
Inherited disorder of keratinization or cornification
Dry form Vs Greasy form
311
Secondary hyperkeratosis can be due to
Endocrine imbalances
Chronic dermatitis
Zinc responsive
312
Cause of Feline Leprosy
Mycobacterium lepraemurium
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Obligate intracellular organism
313
Generalized form of demodicosis
Familial with young dogs
Adult onset - associated with systemic disease such as neoplasia, endocrinopathy or immunosuppresive therapy
314
Hypotrichosis
Less than the normal amount of hair
Hereditary most common
More susceptible to environmental extremes and infections
315
Type II Hypersensitivity
IgG or IgM Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
Manifestations - blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Auto-Immune
316
Predisposing factors for Greasy Pig Disease
Other skin lesions
Poor nutriton/ husbandry
Lacerations
317
Disease
Mucinosis
318
Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas - Spindle Cell Tumors
Very common in dogs
Multiple types
Prognosis predicted by grade and margins
Locally invasive, slow to metastasize
319
Impetigo
Superficial Pustular Dermatitis
Nonfollicular pustules which develop into crusts
Prepubescent puppies - healthy
Adults - look for underlying cause
320
Solar/Actinic Keratosis is caused by
Chronic (years) of UV light exposure
321
Intertrigo
Skin Fold Pyoderma
322
Hyperkeratosis
Increased thickness of stratum corneum
Scaling "seborrhea"
Primary Vs Secondary
323
Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores
Cutaneous eosinophilic granulomas caused by larval migration of Habronema or Draschia sp deposited into a wound by house or stable fly
324
Melanin
Pigment that imparts skin color
325
Histological appearance of melanomas
Characteristic junctional change in nonulcerated biopsies
